Cellular Anatomy And Connective Tissues Flashcards
1
Q
Movement of fluid across a semi permeable membrane from low osmotic pressure to high osmotic pressure
A
Osmosis
2
Q
Organelle wich ontains the DNA and RNA of the cell
A
Nucleus
3
Q
“Bead on strings” appearance.
A
Chromatin
4
Q
Composition of chromatin
A
DNA and Histones
5
Q
Condensed chromatin during mitosis
A
Chromatid
6
Q
Composed of 2 sister chromatids that are attached together during mitosis
A
Chromosomes
7
Q
The second “x” in an organisms chromosome
A
Barr bodies
8
Q
Nucleus dissolutiom
A
Karyolysis
9
Q
Nucleus shrinks and and chromatin condenses.
A
Pyknosis
10
Q
Fragmentation of the nucleus and the chromatin dissentegrates
A
Karyorrhexis
11
Q
It is where atp is produced via krebbs cycle
A
Mitochondria
12
Q
Folds in the mitochondria
A
Cristae
13
Q
End product of Krebbs cycle
A
36-38 ATP, CO2 and H2O
14
Q
End Product of glycolysis
A
2 ATP and 2 Pyruvate
15
Q
End product of Creatine Phosphate
A
1 ATP and 1 Creatinine
16
Q
Site of protein synthesis
A
Ribosomes
17
Q
End product of transcription.
A
mRNA
18
Q
What are the structural flundation of proteins?
A
Amino acids
19
Q
Site of protein synthesis
A
Rough ER
20
Q
Organelle responsible for steriod synthesis, Lipogenesis, and Detoxification
A
Smooth ER
21
Q
Organelle responsible for Apoptosis or programmed cell death
A
Lysosomes
22
Q
Contains pair of microtubules arranged in cartwheel pattern
A
Centrosome
23
Q
9+2 pattern of microtubules
A
Cillia
24
Q
First gap phase
A
G1 phase
25
Synthesis phase
S phase
26
Cells prepare for mitosis and organelles double in number
G2 phase
27
Chromosome duplication and RNA synthesis
S phase
28
Division of somatic cells which results in 2 genetically identical doughter cells
Mitosis
29
Cleavage furrow forms
Telophase
30
Nuclear membrane and nucleus dissintegrates
Prophase
31
Chromosomes split going towards opposite poles
Anaphase
32
Chromosomes allign at the equator of the cell
Metaphase
33
Mitotic spindles from centrosomes attach to centromere
Metaphase
34
Mitotic phase where Chromatin coils and condenses
Prophase
35
Nuclear membrane reapears
Telophase
36
Division of cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
37
Type of cells produced in meiosis according to the number of chromosomes
Haploid
38
Movement of solutes to a higher to lower concentrations
Simple diffusion
39
Movement of solutes which is carrier-mediated
Fascilitated diffusion
40
Movement of fluid across a semi permeable membrane from a low osmotic pressure to a higher one
Osmosis
41
Cells in a hypertonic solution result to:
Shrinkage
42
Cells placed in a hypotonic solution result to:
Bursting
43
Movement of molecules from a low concentration to a high concentration gradient which uses atp
Active Transport
44
Most numerous cation in ECF but least numerous in ICF
Sodium
45
Least numerous cation in ECF but most numerous in ICF
Potassium
46
Most numerous anion in ECF but least numerous in ICF
Chlorine
47
Least numerous anion in ECF
Bicarbonate
48
Most numerous anion in ICF
Phosphate
49
Spot weld like and attaches cells of the same type
Desmosomes
50
Attaches cells of differe t type
Hemidesmosomes
51
Froms a bridge that allows ion diffusion between cells
Gap junctions
52
Prevents leaking of substanves
Tight junction
53
Functional classification of exocrine galnd which releases packaged vesicles
Merocrine
54
Functional classification of exocrine glands that pinches off of its own vesicles.
Apocrine
55
Functional classification of Exocrine glands which ruptures and releases its contents
Holocrine
56
Largest major salivary duct
Parotid gland
57
Main duct of the parotid gland which opens opposite of the maxillary 2nd molar
Stensens duct
58
Produces the greatest volume of saliva among the major salivary glands
Submandibular gland
59
Main duct of the submandibular gland
Whartons duct
60
Where does the whartons duct open and release its secretion
Sublingual caruncle
61
The smallest major salivary gland
Sublingual gland
62
Major duct of the sublingual gland
Bartholins duct
63
Accessory duct of the sublinnual duct
Rivinus duct
64
Minor salivary gland found within the circumvallate papilla
Glands of von ebner
65
Minor salivary gland found antero-lingually
Glands of blandin-nuhn
66
Basket cells or myoepithelial cells are found in?
Salivary glands
67
Glycosaminoglycans' most important function is to..
Trap water
68
chemical compound that is Seen in joints, eyeballs, egg dells etc ehich attaches connective tissues together
Hyaluronic acid
69
Most numerous GAGS. Seen primarily in cartilage
Chondroitin sulfate
70
GAGS in skin
Dermatan sulfate
71
GAGS in cornea
Keratan sulfate
72
GAGS similar to Heparin
Heparan sulfate
73
It is the Core and GAGS project from.it like a bristle brush
Proteoglycan
74
Only GAGS without proteoglycan?
Hyaluronic acid
75
Most common adhesion protein found in connective tissue
Fibronectin
76
Adhesion protein found in bone
Osteonectin
77
Most numerous protein the body
Collagen
78
Most abundant type of collagen
Type I Collagen
79
Collagen seen in Hyaline Cartilage
Type II Collagen
80
Collagen found in hair and placenta
Type V Collagen
81
Collagen found in Dermis, Bone, Pulp, Dentin, Dementum and Etc.
Type I Collagen
82
Collagen found in Reticular fibers and tissues.
Type III collagen
83
Collagen in basement membranes
Type IV Collagen
84
Highly elastic protein
Elastin
85
Most numerous protein in Epidermis
Keratin
86
Most numerous orotein in the blood which determines osmotic pressure
Albumin
87
Most numerous protein in enamel
Amelogenin
88
Disease where the patient has excessive elastic fibers
Marfan's syndrome
89
Disease where the patient has defective collagen fibers resukting to flexibility of tissues made up of collagen
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
90
Disease where the patient has Deficient Collagen fibers
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
91
Connective tissue cells which secrete fibers
Fibroblasts
92
Connective tissue cells which are formed in the bone marrow and is a combination of numerous monocytes
Macrophages
93
Fixed macrophage in liver
Kupffer cells
94
Fixed macrophage in Kidney
Mesangial cells
95
Fixed macrophage in Brain
Microglia
96
Fixed macrophage in Lungs
Dust cells
97
Fixed macrophage in lymphnodes and connective tissues
Histiocytes
98
Fixed macrophage in bone
Osteoclasts
99
Fixed macrophage in Epidermis
Langerhans Cell
100
Fixed macrophage in granulomas
Eoitheliod cells and Langhans Giant Cells
101
Fixed macrophage in Placenta
Hofbauer cells
102
Macrophages that continously move in the body
Wandering macrophages
103
Movement of microorganisms woward an agent
Chemotaxis
104
Fat cells
Adipocytes
105
Two types of cartilagenous growth
Interstitial and Appositional growth
106
Type of Cartilagenous growth on the external surface and is continuous througout life
Appositional growth
107
Type of cartilagenous growth within the tissue and happens during the growth spurt only
Interstitial growth
108
What are the types of cartilage
Hyaline, Elastic and Fibrocartilage
109
Tyoe of cartilage composed of numerous chondrocytes and a few collagen fibers. Found in bones that form joints, nose, fetal skeleton, trachea etc.
Hyaline cartilage
110
Least common type of cartilage which is conposed of chondrocytes and elastic fibers. Found in pinna and esutachian tubes
Elastic cartilage
111
Strongest cartilage and is composed of fewer chondrocytes and thick collagen fibers
Fibrocartilage
112
Tyoe of bone which is made up of trabeculae
Spongy bone
113
Blood is how many percent in plasma
55% plasma
114
How many percent of formed elements is blood
45% formed elements
115
Two types of white blood cells
Granulocytes and agranulocytes
116
WBC wich contains Histamine and Heparin
Basophil
117
WBC for parasites, allergies and viruses
Eosinophil
118
First line of defense in WBCs and are also called stab cells or PMNLs
Neutrophils
119
Largest leukocyte and has a single kidney shaped nucleus
Monocyte
120
Smallest leukocyte and is responsible for viruses and chronic bacteria
Lymphocyte
121
T helper cells
Cd4
122
Cytotoxic cells
Cd8
123
Special type of Cd8
Natural killer cells
124
Most numerous cells in the body
Erythrocytes or red blood cells
125
Normal value of rbcs
4-5 million/microliter in f
| 5-6 million/microliter in m
126
Universal donor
Blood type O
127
Universal recipient
AB
128
Most important chemical for RBC production
Iron
129
Determines fragility of capillaries
Thrombocytes or platelets
130
Lifespan of platelets
10 days
131
Platelet normal value
150,000 to 140,000/microliter
132
Other name for capillary fragility test
Tourniquet test (Rumpel-Leede)
133
Produce antibodies or immunoglobulins with clockface or cartwheel appearance
Plasma cells
134
Most numerous AB
IgG
135
AB in body fluids and gastrointestinal tracts
IgA
136
1st line of defense among ABs
IgM
137
Ab active during allergic reactions and parasitic ifxns
IgE
138
Primary organs of the Lymphatic system
Bone Marrow and Thymus
139
Secondary organs of the Lymphatic system
Spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes
140
Lymphatic ducts drain at the junction of ____ and _____.
Internal jugular vein and Subclavian vein
141
Dilated sac at the lower end thoracic duct that drains lymph from intestinal and lumbar area.
Cisternal chyli
142
Pressure that pushes fluid out of capillaries
Hydrostatic pressure
143
Pressure that moves the fluid in the capillaries due to albumin
Osmotic pressure
144
Red pulp of the spleen contains
RBC and Macrophages
145
White pulp of the spleen contains
B-lymphocytes
| T-lymphocytes
