Integumentary And Skeletal System Flashcards
1
Q
Largest system in the body
A
Integumentary system
2
Q
Epithelium of the epidermis
A
Stratified squamous epithelium
3
Q
Cells that produce keratin
A
Keratinocytes
4
Q
Produce the pigment melanin
A
Melanocytes
5
Q
What is the embryonic origin of melanocutes and neuroglia?
A
Neural crest cells
6
Q
Macrophage of the skin
A
Langerhans cells
7
Q
Least numerous in epidermis and ate located at the stratum basale; essential for sense of touch
A
Merkel cells
8
Q
Layers of the epidermis from the topmost to lower most layer.
A
Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale
9
Q
Layer which has the highest mitotic activity of keratinocytes
A
Stratum basale
10
Q
Layer where langerhans cells are present
A
Stratum spinosum
11
Q
Collective term for the stratum basale and stratum spinosum
A
Stratum germinativum/malphigian layer
12
Q
Disease associated with absence of melanin
A
Albinism
13
Q
Disease associated with deficiency of melanin
A
Vitiligo
14
Q
Layer of the epidermis where cells undergo apoptosis
A
Stratum granulosum
15
Q
Converts tonofilaments to keratin
A
Keratohyaline granules
16
Q
Layer of the epidermis which is found on thick skin
A
Stratum lucidum
17
Q
Abnormal thickening of stratum corneum due to constant friction
A
Callus
18
Q
Keratinocytes divide and move more quickly than normal
A
Psoriasis
19
Q
Signs and symptoms of psoriasis
A
Silvery scales
Monroes abcess
Auspitz sign
20
Q
Cardinal sign of psoriasis
A
Monroe’s abcess
21
Q
2 layers of the dermis
A
Papillary layer and Reticular layer
22
Q
Present here are the dermal papillae which are nipple like projections towards epidermis
A
Papillary layer
23
Q
The major nutrient supplier of the skin and is attached to the subcutaneous layer of hypodermis
A
Reticular layer
24
Q
Mechanoreceptor for touch
A
Merkel discs
25
Mechanoreceptor for touch and is numerous in thick skin
Meissner corpuscles
26
Mechanoreceptor for hot and stretch
Ruffini corpuscles or bulbous corpuscles
27
Mechanoreceptor for cold
End-bulb of Krause
28
Mechanoreceptor for pressure and proprioception
Pacinian corpuscles
29
Mechanoreceptor for proprioception found in joints
Proprioceptors
30
Mechanoreceptor for pain
Nociceptors
31
Sunken scar
Atrophic
32
Slightly elevated scar
Hypertrophic
33
Excessively elevated scar
Keloid
34
Melanin accumulation in some areas which are commonly termed as freckles
Ephelides
35
Melanocyte overgrowth
Mole/Nevus
36
Responsible for orange pigment of skin
Carotene
37
Normal value for hemoglobin
14-16 g/dl in M
| 12-14 g/dl in F
38
Dificiency of vitamin A
Nyctalopia (Bitot's spot)
39
Vitamin b1 deficiency
Beriberi
40
Vitamin B3 deficiency
Pellagra
41
Vitamin B9 deficiency
Megaloblastic anemia
42
Vitamin b12 deficiency
Pernicious anemia
43
Vitamin C deficiency
Scurvy
44
Vitamin D deficiency
Rickets
45
Vitamin k deficiency
Bleeding tendency
46
Other name for vitamin a
Retinol
47
Other name for vitamin b1
Thiamine
48
Other name for vitamin b2
Riboflavin
49
Other name for vitamin b3
Niacin/nicotinic acid
50
Other name for vitamin b9
Folic acid
51
Other name for vitamin b12
Cyanocobalamin
52
Other name for vitamin c
Ascorbic acid
53
Other name for vitamin D
Calciferol
54
Other name for vitamin E
Tocopherol
55
Bluish color due to inadequate oxygen
Cyanosis
56
Glands that secrete sebum
Sebaceous gland
57
Glands that produces sweat
Sudoriferous gland
58
Type of sweat glands that are found all over the body
Eccrine sweat glands
59
Sweat glands found mainly on the axilla, areola and perianal areas
Apocrine sweat glands
60
Secretes waxy material in the ear
Ceruminous glands
61
Allows calcium absorption in intestines
Calcitriol
62
Calcium deficiency after closure of epiphyseal plates
Osteomalacia
63
Calcium deficiency before closure of epiphyseal plates
Rickets
64
Vitamin d2
Ergocalciferol
65
Vitamin d3
Cholecalciferol
66
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
67
Most common skin cancer in the oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinoma
68
Deadliest skin cancer because of its high metastasis
Melanoma
69
Nipple like elevations of the skin; less than 10mm
Papule
70
Dome like projections of the skin that are greater than 10mm
Nodule
71
Fluid filled but with developed Epithelial wall
Cyst
72
Reddened, elevated itchy oatches usually seen in allergic reactions
Hives
73
Warts caused by HPV infection
Common warts/Verruca Vulgaris
74
How many adult bones
206
75
How many bones in new born?
270-350
76
The only bone cell that can undergo cell divisikn that is found along the periosteum and endosteum
Osteoprogenitor cells
77
Responsible for bone deposition and secretes bone matrix called osteoid
Osteoblasts
78
Mature bone cells and are found in space called lacunae
Osteocytes
79
Macrophages of bone responsible for bone resorption
Osteoclasts
80
Found at the center of haversian system or osteon
Haversian canal
81
Immature bone that is fibrous is called
Woven bone
82
Other name for of alveolar bone proper?
Bundle bone/cribriform plate
83
Site of hematopoiesis in embryo
Yolk sac
84
Site of hematopoiesis in fetus
Liver
85
Site of hematopoiesis after birth
Red bone marrow
86
Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in children
Long bones
87
Main bones involved in hematopoiesis in adults
Skull, vertebra, sternum and pelvic
88
Types of bone formation
Intramembranous and endochondral
89
Most commonly fractured bone in the human body
Clavicle
90
Most commonly fractured facial bone
Nasal bone
91
What area is damaged during epistaxis or nose bleeding
Kiesselbach's plexus
92
Longest and strongest bome in the human body
Femur
93
Smalles bone
Stapes
94
Strongest bone in the head and neck
Petrous part of the temporal bone
95
Commonly fractured during CPR
Xiphoid process
96
Most commonly dislocated joint in adults
Shoulder joint
97
Most commonly dislocated joint on children
Elbow joint
98
Largest carpal bone; head shape
Capitate
99
Most commonly fractured carpal bone; boat shape
Scaphoid
100
Boat shape tarsal bone
Navicular
101
Largest tarsal bone
Calcaneus
102
Ankle bone
Talus
103
3 structures of the nasal septum
Vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone and Septal cartilage
104
Curled shelf of bone found in nasal cavity
Conchas/turbinates
105
Nasal passageways located inferiorly to choncas
Meatus
106
4 paired air-filled spaces that sorrounds the nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
107
Largest paranasal sinus
Maxillary sinus
108
How to confirm oro-antral commmunication in the maxillary sinus?
Valsalva test
109
Procedure done to add bone between sinus abd alveolar bone
Sinus lift
110
Best radiograph to assess maxillary sinus
Water's view
111
Technique used to open maxillary sinus through the canine fossa
Caldwell luc technique
112
Sinus seen only when CBCT or lateral cephalogram is performed
Sphenoidal sinus
113
Junction of the mandibular condyle and the mandibular fossa of temporal bone
Temporomandibular Joint
114
Envelops the TMJ
Capsule
115
Prevents posterior displacement of Mandible
Lateral temporomandibular ligament
116
Stabilizer of mandible
Sphenomandibular ligament
117
A biconcave disc made of fibrocartilage which divides the TMJ to superior and inferior compartments
Articular disc/meniscus
118
Compartment for Hinge or rotational movements
Inferior compartment
119
Compartment for protrusion,retrusion and bennet movement (sliding)
Superior compartment
120
Compartment for limited mouth opening
Inferior compartment
121
Compartment for excessive mouth opening
Superior compartment
122
Area of loose connective tissue attached to the posterior portion of the meniscus; it is highly vascularized and innervated
Retrodiscal tissue (posterior portion)
123
Thinnest portion
Middle portion
124
Located between the condyle and the coronoid process
Mandibular notch
125
Attachment for Temporalis muscle
Coronoid process
126
Attachment for the sphenomandibular ligament
Lingula
127
Most common area for cleft lip
Left side
128
Best time for treatment of cleft palate
12-18 months of age
129
Cleft of hard palate is known as
Uranoschisis
130
Cleft of soft palate is known as..
Staphyloschisis
131
Heart shaped vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
132
Kidney or bean shaped vertebrae
Lumbar
133
Has the most prominent spinous process
C7
134
An area common for c1 to c6 vertebrae which serves as passage for vertebral artery
Transverse foramen
135
Non movable joint movement
Synarthroses
136
Slightly movable joint movement
Amphiarthroses
137
Freely movable joint movement
Diarthroses
138
Excessive growth hormone after epiphyseal closure
Acromegaly
139
Excessive growth hor.one before epiphyseal plate closure
Gigantism
140
Dwarfism due to decreased cartilage development in the body
Achondroplastic dwarfism (achondroplasia)
141
Dwarfism due to decreased growth hormone secretion
Pituitary dwarfism
142
Excessive porosity of bone due to rapid resorption of bone
Osteoporosis
143
Drug of choice for patients with osteoporosis
Biphosphonates (antiresorptive drug)
144
Most common form of arthritis due to aging where there is articular cartilage degeneration
Osteoarthritis
145
Autoimmune disorder where the immune cells attack articular cartilage
Rheumatoid arthritis
146
There is crystallization that is trapped in joints
Gout
147
Compunds causing the crystallization of joints?
Uric acid and sodium
148
Nitrogen bases involved in uric acid formation
Purines
149
Pathognomonic sign of Gout
Tophi bodies
150
Uric acid crystals in nephron are called
Nephrolites
151
Thoracic curvature; hunchback
Kyphosis
152
Lumbar curvature; hollowback
Lordosis
153
Lateral curvature, s shaped spine
Scoliosis
154
Cotton wool appearance, jigsaw puzzle, mosaic pattern, increase in alkaline phosphatase in serum
Osteitis deformans (Pagets Disease of bone)
155
Bone infection due to Staphylococcus aureus; moth eaten appearance
Osteomyelitis
