Muscular System Flashcards
Non striated and involuntary muscles
Smooth muscles
Striated and voluntary muscles
Skeletal muscles
Striated and involuntary muscles
Cardiac muscles
The only mature muscle cell that can divide (limited)
Smooth muscle
What connects cardiac muscle dells together?
Intercalated discs
Middle layer of faschia that covers the fascicle.
Perimysium
Outermost layer of faschia which covers the muscle belly
Epimysium
Innermost faschia whicj covers muscle cells or fiber
Endomysium
Protein in thin filaments
Actin
Protein in thick filaments
Myosin
Endoplasmic reticulum of muscle fibers which acts as storage of calcium
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Dilated end sacks of SR
Terminal cisterns
These are mainly stored in liver and skeletal muscles
Glycogen
Proteins that binds to oxygen and is responsible for the red color of the muscle
Myoglobin
Largest protein of the body and is found in muscles
Titin
Functional or contractile unit of muscles; from z discs to another z discs
Sarcomere
Separares 1 sarcomere to another and are attachment sites for thin filaments
Z discs
Contains thick but no thin filaments
H zone
Passes in the middle of H zone
M line
Area where the thick and thin filamnet overlap
A band
Area where only the thin filaments and present
I band
Passes in the middle of light band
Z discs
Passes in the middle of dark band
M-line
Blocks the myosin binding sites in relax muscles
Tropomyosin
Holds the tropomysoin in place and the binding site of calcium to allow displacemnet of the tropomyosin
Troponin
What stimulates voltage gated calciumnchannels to open?
Action potential
It causes the release of acetylcholine in neuromuscular junction
Calcium influx
A process where sodium enters the muscle fiber which creates an action potential along sarcolemma and T tubules
Depolarization
What binds to troponin for the initiation of the sliding filament mechanism of muscle
Calcium
Myosin heads attach to actin
Cross bridging
What breaks down acetylcholine after it binds to nicotinic receptors
Acetylcholinesterase
Muscles are in state of rigidity due to cross bridging and due to loss of atp
Rigor mortis
Prevents the release of acetylcholine in the neuromuscular junction
Botulinum toxin
A poisonous plant which blocks Ach receptors
Curare (sympathomimetic)
Drug which binds to Ach receptors resulta to muscle paralysis
Succinylcholine
Atp production which uses creatine phosphate
Direct phosphorylation
In anaerobic glycolysis, pyruvate becomes ____ and accumulates in the muscle.
Lactic acid
The by product of Aerobic glycolysis
36-38 atp, h2O and CO2
Glucolysis and creatine phosphorylation happens in what part of the cell?
Cytoplasm
Krebbs cycle happens what part of the cell?
Mitochondria
Aka red muscle fibers; produces slow and weak contractions but are resistant to fatigue
Slow oxidative fibers
Intermediate fibers
Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic fibers
Aka white muscle fibers; produces fast and strong contractions, but not resistant to fatigue
Fast Glycolytic Fibers
Connect ends of cardiac muscles together
Intercalated discs
What 2 cellular juncions are found between cardiac muscle cells?
Gap junction and desmosomes
Where does calcium bind in smooth muscle tissues for contraction?
Calmodulin
Scalp muscles are innervated by..
CN VII (Facial Nerve)
Moves scalp posteriorly
Occipitalis