Pharmacology

Question 1

Pharmacology of Spironolactone

Answer 1

Spironolactone = K-sparing diuretic. Structurally similar to aldosterone :. blocks aldosterone.

Acts on the DCT and CD

Question 2

Pharmacology of Aspirin

What does it inhibit? Where does it act?

Answer 2

Aspirin = COX inhibitor

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes in the PCT

Question 3

Pharmacology of Amlodipine

Answer 3

Amlodipine = CCB

Inhibits L-type voltage gated Ca channel in the nephron

Question 4

Pharmacology of Bendroflumethiazide

Answer 4

Bendroflumethiazide = thiazide diuretic

Inhibits Na-Cl transporter in DCT

Question 5

Pharmacology of Furosemide

Answer 5

Furosemide = Loop diuretic

Acts on Ascending LoH. Inhibits Na/K/Cl transporter

Question 6

Methotrexate can be used to treat a) and b)

Answer 6

a) Rheumatoid Arthritis
b) Psoriasis
c) Crohn’s
d) NHL, ALL

Question 7

Pharmacology of NSAIDs

Example

Answer 7

Non-selective inhibitor of COX-1 and COX-2

Eg NAPROXEN

Question 8

Pharmacology of Bisphosphonates

Example

Answer 8

Inhibit Osteoclast-mediated resorption

Alendronate

Question 9

Methotrexate pharmacology

Uses

Contraindications

Answer 9

Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

DHF reductase usually converts folic acid > F4, which is needed for DNA + protein synthesis

Uses = IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT DMARD

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Crohn’s
• Cancer (ALL, NHL)

Contraindicated in pregnancy. Alternative = Sulfasalazine + Folic Acid

Question 10

Carbimazole side effect

Answer 10

Agranulocytosis

Question 11

Gentamicin side effect

Answer 11

Ototoxicity

• toxicity to bones of ear

Question 12

Beta Blockers pharmacology

Answer 12

Block beta-1 muscarinic receptors in the myocardium > reduce rate + force of contraction

Block Beta-2 receptors in smooth muscle vessels + airways > cause vaso/airway constriction (CI in asthma)