Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2A - Stuff i just cannot remember > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

MI ECG Changes

A

ST depression
ST Elevation

T-wave inversion
Abnormal Q wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

QT prolongation indicates…

A

Medication SE.

Amiodarone, antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Wide QRS indicates…

A

Bundle Branch Block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dual Antiplatelet Therapy

A

Aspirin + PY12 inhibitor

ticagrelor, clopidogrel, prasugrel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ACS Management

A

1) GTN
2) O2
3) Analgesia
4) Dual Antiplatelet Therapy
5) PCI/ thrombolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anti-hypertensives
1L - caucasian?
1L - Afro-Carib?

2L

3L

A

1L: Caucasian: ACEi
(ramipril)

1L: Afro-Carib: CCB
(Amlodipine)

2L: ARB
(Losartan)

3L: Thiazide-diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cor Pulmonale is ___ heart failure and presents with __

A

Right sided heart failure

Shortness of breath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a common cause of stroke?

A

Atrial Fibrillation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What would infective endocarditis present with?

A 
Fever 
New murmur 
Janeway lesion 
Osler's nodes
Splinter haemorrhages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does Left Bundle Branch Block present?

A

Usually asymptomatic

ECG: WiLLiaM (V1, V6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Right Bundle Branch Block present?

A

ECG: MaRRoW (V1, V6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Heart failure classic triad

A

SOB, fatigue, ankle oedema.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of Acute Heart Failure

A

IV Furosemide + Diamorphine + Antihypertensive (GT, diuretic) or Antihypotensive (vasocative DA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Management of Chronic Heart Failure

A

ACEi - Ramipril/ ARB - Valsartan + BB + Diuretic - Furosemide

2L Hydralazine/ nitrate/ Digoxin (with AF)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A high BNP level indicates…

A

Congestive heart failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is hypertension classified?

A

1) >135/85 ABPM
2) >150/95 ABPM
3) >180 S or >110 D

Malignant = >180/120 + end-organ damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is hypertension managed

A

ACEi/ ARB or CCB - Nifedipine (if >55/ Afro-Carib)

ACEi +/- CCB +/- Thiazide-like diuretic - Indapamide/ Spironolactone if K<4.5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is pregnancy-induced HTN managed?

A

IV Magnesium Sulphate + Labetalol/ Hydralazine/ Methyldopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Sodium Nitroprusside used for?

A

Lowering vv high BP

  • encephalopathy
  • Aortic dissection
  • Pulmonary oedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is Labetalol used for?

A

= a BB - 1L for lowering BP in pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cannon A-waves, HR <40bom, syncope indicates…

A

AV Block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is seen on the ECG of a first-degree AV Block?

A

Prolonged PR interval >0.2s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

ECG shows a PR interval progressively lengthening until P-wave is not conducted.

What SnS will this pt present with?

A

= Mobitz I (Wenckebach) 2nd degree AV block

Light head, dizzy, syncope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ECG shows a constant PR interval, with a dropped QRS.

What SnS will this pt present with?

A

= Mobitz II 2nd Degree AB block

SOB, postural hypotension, angina.

Requires permanent pacemaker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Why is Mobitz II irreversible?
Failure of conduction through His-purkinje system, which is resistant to AV blocking agents
26
ECG shows P-waves completely independent of QRS. How is this pt treated?
= 3rd Degree heart block IV atropine Permanent pacemaker Narrow QRS IN BoH. (QRS < 0.12) Broad QRS BELOW BoH. (QRS >0.12s)
27
ECG shows saw-tooth F waves in II, III, aVF. They show heart and lung pathologies. How is this pt treated?
= Atrial Flutter LMW Heparin THEN electrical cardioversion Catheter ablation, IV amiodarone, BB
28
ECG shows irregular irregular rhythm at 400bpm and no p-waves. How is this pt treated?
= Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion: DC Shock + LMW heparin + antiarrhythmic VR control - block AVN! - CCB, BB, digoxin, amiodarone CHA2DS2-VASc Score
29
Symptoms and signs of LEFT heart failure
Prolonged capillary refill time, S3 gallop, pulsus alternans
30
Pansystolic murmur heard loudest at the apex on expiration
Mitral regurgitation
31
Pansystolic murmur heard loudest at the apex on inspiration
Tricuspid regurgitation
32
What is pulsus paradoxus indicative of?
Abnormally large decrease in Stroke Volume/ Systolic BP. - Constrictive pericarditis - Pericardial effusion - cardiac tamponade
33
Pericarditis presentations
Water-bottle shaped enlarged cardiac silhouette. Chest pain, worse lying flat, pericardial friction rub
34
Pulmonary embolism presentations
Fleischner Sign - prominent central pulmonary artery Short Hx of SOB, Pleuritic chest pain +/- haemoptysis
35
Congestive Heart Failure presentations
Cardiomegaly, Cardiothoracic ratio >0.5 ``` Alveolar oedema B-lines (Kerley) Cardiomegaly Diversion - upper lobe Effusions - pleural Fluid in horizontal fissure ```
36
If adequate medication is given to a pt with heart failure, yet their symptoms persist, what is the next step?
Cardiac resynchronisation (also for LBBB)
37
Who is suitable for a Permanent Pacemaker?
Symptomatic bradycardia, Mobitz II 2nd degree Heart block
38
Who is suitable for an Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator?
Reasonable QoL + Poor LVEF <35%, despite medical management. Also life-threatening arrhythmias - Ventricular Fibrillation, Ventricular tachycardia
39
Who is suitable for Digoxin?
Pt with sinus rhythm + symptomatic HF despite medical tx (BB, ACE, diuretic)
40
Who is suitable for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT)?
Symptomatic HF despites meds, LVEF <35%, prolonged QRS >130ms.
41
Who is suitable for Ivabradine?
LVEF <35%, in sinus rhythm, resting HR >70bpm despite BB/ACEi/Spironolactone.
42
A chest radiography showing consolidation suggests...
Infection!
43
Cor pulmonale investigations
ECG: Right axis deviation, due to right ventricle hypertrophy, P pulmonale (tall p-wave) Raised Hb due to 2o polycythaemia CXR: right atrial enlargement, ABCDEF
44
Systemic Hypertension is associated with which side heart failure?
Left Heart Failure HTN > Excess afterload > LVF
45
Basal respiratory crackles indicate...
Left Heart Failure LV cannot pump blood from pulmonary circ to rest of body > backflow to lungs
46
Gallop heart rhythm indicates..
Left Heart Failure Atrial contractions against stiff ventricle
47
Westermark's sign indicates
Vessel collapse, seen in pulmonary embolism
48
Silhouette sign
Loss of structural borders, seen in pneumonia
49
Prescribe Furosemide + Ramipril to a pt with...
Heart Failure and PRESERVED ejection fraction (HFPEF) with signs of fluid overload
50
Prescribe Spironolactone + Ramipril to a pt with...
Heart Failure and REDUCED ejection fraction (HFPEF)
51
If a patient cannot tolerate spironolactone, what is the next step?
Hydralazine/nitrate
52
What is the first line management of decompensated heart failure, secondary to AF?
BETA BLOCKADE - IV Metoprolol CI: COPD, severe asthma
53
Acute Management of STEMI
MMONAT ``` Morphine Metoclopramide O2 if sat <94% Nitrates (GTN) Aspirin 300mg Ticagrelor/ Clopidogrel300mg ``` PCI within 12hr onset OR Fibrinolytic/thrombolysis - Alteplase/ Fondaparinux
54
Acute Management of NSTEMI
MMONAC ``` Morphine Metoclopramide O2 if sat <94% Nitrates (GTN) Aspirin 300mg Clopidogrel 300mg ``` 48hr LMW Heparin High GRACE risk: PCI within 12hr onset OR Fibrinolytic/thrombolysis - Fondaparinux
55
Contraindications to thrombolysis:
AGAINST ``` Aortic dissection GI bleed Allergic reaction Iatrogenic Neuro disease Severe HTN Trauma/CPR ```
56
When is Clopidogrel favoured over Ticagrelor in ACS acute management?
Pt >70 with an NSTEMI
57
Pt presents with chest pain and fever. He had an MI 4 weeks ago. His ESR is raised. Likely diagnosis? Treatment?
Dressler's syndrome - post-ACS pericarditis NSAIDs
58
Pt is recovering from an MI. He presents with a NEW pan-systolic murmur along the left-sternal border. His JVP is raised and there is bipedal pitting oedema. Likely diagnosis?
Acute heart failure, secondary to Intraventricular Septum Rupture* *Complication of MI
59
Pt is recovering from an MI. His JVP is raised and there is bipedal oedema. His heart sounds muffled, and you notice pulsus paradoxus. Likely diagnosis?
Left ventricle free wall rupture = HF + Cardiac tamponade - muffle heart sound - pulsus paradoxus - raised JVP
60
Pt presents with central chest pain on exertion. He admits to recently snorting cocaine with friends. Likely diagnosis?
Coronary Artery Vasospasm
61
Continuous machine-like murmur
Patent ductus arteriosus
62
Ejection systolic murmur
aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, atrial septal defect, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
63
Early diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation, pulmonary regurgitation
64
Pan-systolic murmur
Mitral regurgitation (can be a complication of MI) Tricuspid regurgitation
65
Mid-diastolic murmur
mitral stenosis | tricuspid stenosis
66
45yr F has ST-Elevation + new LBBB. The pt has a stent inserted into her RIGHT coronary artery. Which leads would have been affected on her ECG?
RCA > RA + RV
67
Blood supply of the heart
RCA > RA + RV R Marginal > RV + apex LAD > RV + LV + Interventricular septum L Circumflex > LA + LV L Marginal ? LV
68
ECG Leads affected in a high-lateral MI
Circumflex artery > LA + LV Leads I, avL
69
ECG Leads affected in a septal-MI
Proximal LAD > septum - V1, V2
70
ECG Leads affected in an anterior-MI
LAD RV + LV + Interventricular septum V3, V4
71
ECG Leads affected in an inferior-MI
RCA > RA+ RV II, III, aVF

2A - Stuff i just cannot remember (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions