ICS Pathology Flashcards
Define pharmacodynamics
Action of drug on body
Define pharmacokinetics
Action of body on drug
Anticholinergics decrease the effect of the ___ nervous system.
SE =
Parasympathetic
eg Amitriptyline
SE:
- blurred vision
- confusion
- dry mouth
- urinary retention
What drugs inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?
Penicillin + Cephalosporins + Carbapenems + Glycopeptides
What drugs inhibit DNA replication/ transcription?
Quinolones - Ciprofloxacin
Which drug inhibits COX?
Paracetamol
Pharmacology of Warfarin
Vitamin K antagonist > prevents synthesis of vitK-dependant clotting factors (2, 7, 9, 10)
Green leafy veg = source of VITK
Grapefruit, cranberries, alcohol INCREASE warfarin effect.
Co-amoxiclav is a combination of…
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid (B-lactamase inhibitor)
What is a phaeochromocytoma?
Tumour of the adrenal medulla’s chromaffin cells
Releases catecholamines (adrenaline)
What is the risk of removing a phaeochromocytoma?
Removal > large release of catecholamines > refractory hypertension
What measurements do we take prior to removing a phaeochromocytoma?
Alpha then Beta Block
Phenooxybenzamine then Bisoprolol
(If beta blocked first > Blocked B2-vasodilation > uncontrolled A1-vasoconstriction > refractory HTN)
What is Carbimazole used for?
Thyrotoxicosis
Where does C. diff colonise?
Large intestine
Pseudomembranous colitis caused by…
C. diff
Ischaemic colitis caused by…
Associated with AF.
No microbiology!
Mycobacterium Avium Complex causes ___ which is an __-defining illness
Mycobacterium avium-intracellular infection = AIDS-defininf illness
Atypical pneumonia causes associated with animals?
Chlamydia psittaci - birds
Coxiella burnetti
How do we treat pulmonary TB?
SE of tx?
RIPE
Rifampicin: red/orange urine/tears
Isoniazide: Peripheral neuropathy
Pyrazinamide: gout
Ethambutol: colour blindness, reduced visual acuity
Cells involved in Inflammation
Neutrophil polymorph - phagocytic
Macrophage - Ag-presenting
Lymphocytes - Specific Ags
Endothelial cells - sticky, porous, angiogenesis
Fibroblasts - collagen repair
Inflammation cardinal signs
Rubor
Calor
Tumor
Dolor
Atherosclerosis pathophysiology outline.
Inflammatory cytokines involved?
Atherosclerotic plaque composition.
Ox-LDL + Macrophage = Foam cell > trapped in tunica intima > die > release fat > fatty core
IL 1, 6, 8
Atherosclerotic plaque = Fibrous tissue + lipid + lymphocytes + Necrotic Core.
Define Neoplasm
Lesion from autonomous growth of cells which persists after the stimulus is removed.
Define Tumour
Abnormal swelling - due to neoplasm/ inflammation/ hypertrophy/ hyperplasia
