pharmacology Flashcards
what is trastuzumab used for
women with breast cancer who cells express HER3 growth factor
what is pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
what is pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
what are the 4 things the body does the the drug
- absorption
- distribution
- metabolism
- excretion
how is vancomycin administered
IV as not absorbed by GI tract
how can first pass metabolism be avoided
by intravascular, intramuscular or sublingual routes
what is buccal administration
in cheeks
rapid absorption
what is used for epidural prescription
analgesia
what drugs are inhaled
salbutamol
what is sublingual administrated
under tongue
e.g. GTN
what is transdermal administration
absorption through skin via a patch
what is bioavailability
fraction or portion of a drug that enters the systemic circulation
what is clearance of drug
volume of plasma cleared of the drug per unit time
what is concentration of a drug
amount of drug in a given volume
what is dose
amount of drug administered
what is elimination half life
the time required for the drug concentration to reach half its original value
what is Vd
volume of distribution
low Vd = in circulation
high Vd = diffuse into peripheral tissue compartment
what is distribution of a drug
process by which drugs are distributed from the blood stream to organs and cells
how to most drugs circulate in blood stream
bound to plasma proteins most commonly albumin
what is free drug
active drug
what is bisoprolol
beta blocker
what is maximum dose of bisoproolol
10mg
what organ is prime site of metabolism
liver
how are drugs excreted
by the kidneys
what does metabolism do
inactivate a drug
how many stages are there in metabolism
2
what is phase 1 metabolism
- oxidation
- reduction
- hydrolysis
how is oxidation of a drug undertaken
by CYP450
what’s phase 2
conjugation with glucuronate, sulphate, acetate or other substances
what does phase 2 produce
water-soluble drug therefore can be excreted
where does excretion of drug occur
via the kidneys
- faeces
- breath
- sweat
how is free drugs filtered out in the kidneys
though the glomerulus and excreted in the urines
how are lipid-soluble reabsorbed
in the renal tubules
what mutation in malignant melanoma
V600E BRAF
what does alteplase prevent
acute ischaemic stroke