pathology

Question 1

what is apoptosis

Answer 1

programmed cell death

Question 2

example of apoptotic enzyme

Answer 2

p53

Question 3

what does apoptosis require

Answer 3

proteases called caspases

Question 4

what do caspases do

Answer 4

destroy cell organelles

Question 5

how are caspases activated

Answer 5

• signals from outside the cell

- internal signal such as DNA damage

Question 6

example of tumour necrosis factor

Answer 6

Fas

Question 7

what does ligand binding to Fas cause

Answer 7

assembly of a death-inducing signal

Question 8

what is a fertilised cell called

Answer 8

zygote

Question 9

what does it mean by stem cells are totipotent

Answer 9

they can differentiate into any cell type in the adult body

Question 10

what does trophectoderm give rise to

Answer 10

fatal cells of the placenta

Question 11

what does the inner cell mass become

Answer 11

all other cell types of the body

Question 12

what are the 2 properties of stem cells

Answer 12

• self renewal

- pluripotency or totipotency

Question 13

what does self renewal mean

Answer 13

ability to divide indefinitely without differentiating