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usmle > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Drug reaction causing hyperprolactinemia

A

-Typical antipsychotics (Haloperidol)
-Atypical antipsychotics
(Quetiapine)
-Metoclopramide
-Methyldopa

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2
Q

Drug reaction causing SIADH

A

-Carbamezepine
-Cyclphosphamide
-SSRI’s
(Mnemonic: Can’t Concentrate Serum Sodium)

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3
Q

Drug reaction causing Acute cholestatic Hepatitis/jaundice

A

Macrolides (erythromycin)

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4
Q

Drug reaction causing Diarrhea

A
  • Lipid lowering agents (Ezetimibe, orlistat)
  • Cholinesterase inhibitors
  • antidiabetics (metformin, acarbose, pramlintide)
  • Quinidine
  • SSRI’s
  • Macrolides (erythromycin)
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5
Q

Drug reaction causing Hepatic necrosis

A

-Halothene
-Amanita Phalloides (death cap mushroom)
-Valporate
-Acetaminophen
(HAVAc)

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6
Q

Drug reaction causing Hepatitis

A
  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Statins
  • Fibrates
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7
Q

Drug reaction causing Pill induced esophagitis

A
  • NSAIDS
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Ferrous Sulfate
  • Potassium Chloride
  • Tetracyclines
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8
Q

Drug reaction causing Pancreatitis

A

-Didanosine
-Corticosteroids
-Alcohol
-Valproic acid
-Azathioprine
Diuretics (Furosemide, HCTZ)

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9
Q

Drug reaction causing Pseudomembranous colitis

A
  • Cephalosporins
  • Ampicillin
  • Clindamycin
  • Fluoroquinolines
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10
Q

Drug reaction causing Hyperglycemia

A

-Tacrolimus
-Protease inhibitors
-Niacin
-HCTZ
-Corticosteroids
(Mnemonic: The People Need Hard Candy)

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11
Q

Drug reaction causing Agranulocytosis (Severe decrease in WBCs esp neutrophils)

A
  • Clozapine
  • Carbamezapine
  • Propylthiouracil
  • Methimazole
  • Colchicine
  • Ganciclovir

(Mnemonic: Can Cause Pretty Major Collapse of Granulocytes)

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12
Q

Drug reaction causing Aplastic anemia

A
  • Carbamezapine
  • Methimazole
  • NSAIDs
  • Benzene
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Propylthiouracil

(Mnemonic: Can’t Make New Blood Cells Properly)

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13
Q

Drug reaction causing Eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS)

A
  • Allopurinol
  • Anticonvulsants
  • Antibiotics
  • Sulfa drugs

Tx: Stop offending drug, give corticosteroids)

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14
Q

Drug reaction causing Direct Coombs positive hemolytic anemia (autoimmune destruction of red blood cells)

A
  • MethylDopa
  • Cephalosporins
  • Penicillin

(Mnemonic: Direct Coombs Positive)

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15
Q

Drug reaction causing decreased platelets

A
  • Heparin
  • Vancomycin
  • Linezolid

(Mnemonic: Help, Very Low platelets)

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16
Q

Drug reaction causing Gingival hyperplasia

A
  • Cyclosporine
  • Ca+ channel blockers
  • Phenytoin

Mnemonic: Can Cause Puffy gums

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17
Q

Drug reaction causing Gout/hyperuricemia

A
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Thiazides
  • Furosemide
  • Niacin
  • Clyclosporin
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18
Q

Drug reaction causing myopathy

A

-Hydroxychoroquine
-Statins
-Niacin
-Fibrates
-Daptomycin
-Colchicine
-Penicillamine
-Interferon-A
-Glucocorticoids
(Mnemonic: stop fishy drugs causing pain in glutes

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19
Q

Drug reaction causing Photsensitivity

A
  • Sulfamides
  • mail adobe
  • 5-FU-Tetracycline
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20
Q

Drug reaction causing Parkinson’s-like syndrome

A
  • Antipsychotics
  • Reserpine
  • Metoclopramide
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21
Q

Drug reaction causing Pseudotumor cerebri

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Vitamin A
  • Growth hormones
22
Q

Drug reaction causing Peripheral neuropathy

A
  • Vincristine

- Phenytoin

23
Q

Drug reaction causing Seizures

A
  • Imipenam/Cilastatin
  • Isoniazid
  • Bupropion
  • Tramadol
  • Enflurane

(Mnemonic: with seizures I BITE my tongue)

24
Q

Drug reaction causing Tardive dyskinesia

A
  • Antipsychotics

- Metoclopramide

25
Q

Drug reaction causing Visual defects

A
  • Topiramate (blurred vision, diplopia, haloes)
  • Digoxin (yellow vision)
  • Isoniazid (optic neuropathy/color vision change)
  • Vigabatrin (Bilateral visual field defects)
  • Ethambutol (color vision changes)
  • PDE-5 inhibitors like sildinafel aka viagra (blue vision) viagra blues
26
Q

Drug reaction causing Hemorrhagic cystitis

A
  • Cyclophosphamide

- Ifosfamide

27
Q

Drug reaction causing Fanconi syndrome

A
  • Cisplatin
  • Ifosfamide
  • expired tetracyclines (doxy, mino)
  • tenofivir
28
Q

Drug reaction causing Interstitial nephritis

A
  • PPIs
  • Penicillins
  • furosemide
  • sulfa drugs
29
Q

Drug reaction causing Pulmonary fibrosis

A
  • Methotrexate
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Carmustine
  • Bleomycin
  • Busulfan
  • Amiodarone
30
Q

Drug reaction causing Antimuscularinic symptoms

A

-sympathetic
-cant see (dilation), cant pee (relaxes bladder) cant shit (relaxes bowel)
-drugs:
H1 blockers (loratidine)
Atropine
TCAs (tryptalines)
Antipsychotics (haloperidol)

31
Q

Disulfiram like reaction (hangover)

A
  • first generation sulfonylureas; acetohexamide)
  • Metronidazole
  • Cephalosporins
  • Griseofulvin
  • Procarbazine

mnemonic: Sorry Molly, Can’t Go Party

32
Q

Drug reaction causing Nephrotoxicity/ototoxicity

A
  • Vancomycin
  • amphotericin B
  • Loop diuretics
  • Aminoglycosides
  • cisPlatin

Very Bad Listeners And Pissers.

33
Q

Sulfa drugs

A
  • Sulfonamide antibiotics
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Acetazolamide
  • Celecoxib
  • Probenecid
  • Thiazides
  • Furosemide
  • Sulfonylureas

Some Sulfa Allergies Cause PROblems. Thats FUR sure

34
Q

Cytochrome p-450 inducers

A 
Modafinil
Chronic alcohol
St. John’s wort
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital 
Nevirapine
Rifampin
Griseofulvin
Carbamezapine

Some chronic alcoholics Steal Phen Phen and never Refuse Greasy Carbs

35
Q

Antimicrobial Drugs names

  • navir
  • Ovir
  • Ivir
A 
-Protease inhibitor 
(Navir tease a PRO)
-DNA polymerase inhibitor 
(Acyclovir)
-Neuramindase inhibitor (oseltamivir)
36
Q

CNS drug names:

  • azine
  • ipramine, triptyline
  • triptan
  • Zelma, zolam
A
  • typical antipsychotic
  • TCAs
  • 5-HT agonist (sumatriptan)
  • benzodiazepine
37
Q

Autonomic drug names:

  • chol
  • curium, curonium
  • olol
  • stigmine
  • terol
  • zosin
A
  • cholinergic agonist (Bethanechol, cabachol)
  • Nondepolarizing paralytic; Atracurium, vecuronium
  • B-blocker
  • AChE inhibitor (neostigmine)
  • B2 agonist (albuterol)
  • A1 blocker (prazosin)
38
Q

Drug names:

  • Dronate
  • gliptin
  • glutazone
  • Limus
  • prazole
  • prost
  • sentan
  • tidine
  • tropin
A
  • bisphosphonate (alendronate)
  • DPP-4 inhibitors (sitagliptin)
  • PPAR gamma activator (rosiglitazone)
  • calcineurin inhibitor (eeverolimus, tacrolimus)
  • PPI (omeprazole)
  • Prostaglandin analog (Latanoprost)
  • endothelium receptor antagonist (Bosentan)
  • H2 blocker (Cimetidine)
  • pituitary hormone (somatotropin)
39
Q

Monoclonal antibodies:

  • ximab
  • zumab
  • mumab
A
  • chimeric human-mouse monoclonal antibody (Rituximab)
  • Humanized mouse monoclonal Ab (bevacizumab)
  • Human monoclonal Ab (Ipilmumab)
40
Q

Drugs names that target Intracellular molecules:

  • tinib
  • zomib
  • ciclib
A
  • Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (imatinib)
  • Proteosome inhibitor (Bortezomib)
  • Cyclin dependent kinase ibhibitors (Palbociclib)
41
Q

Drug names for Receptor fusion proteins:

-cept

A

-TNF-a blocker (Etanercept)

42
Q

Interleukin receptor modulators (antagonists and agonists)

  • leukin
  • kinra
A
  • IL-2 agonist/analog (Aldesleukin)

- Interleukin receptor blocker (anakinra)

43
Q

Typical antipsychotics

-azines

A
  • Haloperidol
  • Pimozide
  • trifluoperazine
  • fluphenazine
  • thioridazine
  • chlorpromazine

“Typical az (azine) HAL

44
Q

High potency typical antipsychotics

A

-Trifluoperazine,Fluphenazine
Haloperidol
(Try to Fly High)
-More neurological side effects; (extrapyramidal symptoms vs low potency antipsychotics)

45
Q

Low potency typical antipsychotics

A

Chlorpromazine, thriodazine

  • More anticholinergic, antihistamine, a1 blockade effects. (Vs high potency typical antipsychotics)
  • Chlorpromazine-corneal deposits
  • Thioridazine -retinal deposits
46
Q

Typical antipsychotics Side Effects:

A

EPS (extrapyrimidal symptoms):
-Acute dystonia (Hours to days)

-Akathisia (restelessness)
-Parkinsonism (bradykinesia)
(Days to months)

-Tardive dyskinesia (months to years)

47
Q

Tx of Tardive dyskinesia caused by typical antipsychotics

A

-Switch to atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, tetrabenazine, reserpine)

48
Q

Atypical antipsychotics

  • apine
  • idone
A
  • Schizophrenia negative and positive symptoms
  • Give clonazine if:
  • suicidal schizophrenia
  • treatment resistent schizo
  • schizoaffective disorder
49
Q

Schizophrenia positive symptoms

A
  • Delusions
  • Hallucinaitons
  • Disorganized speech
  • Disorganized or catatonic behavior
50
Q

Schizophrenic negative symptoms

A
  • Affective flattening (lack of emotional expression)
  • Avolition (lack of motivation)
  • Anhedonia (lack of pleasure)
  • Asociality
  • Alogia (lack of personal content in speech, providing bare minimum communication)
51
Q

Atypical antipsychotics side effects:

A

-“Pines”-metabolic syndrome (weight gain, DM, hyperlipidemia)
-Clozapine-agranulocytosis (CLozely monitor WBCs and seizures)
Risperidone-hyperprlactinemia (amenorrhea, galactorrhea, gynecomastia)

52
Q

SNRI’s (serotonin and NE reputable inhibitors)

A

-mnemonic: SNRI DVDs with Mi Love.

Serious Nostalgia Renting Intimate DVD’s with Mi Love

Desvenlafaxine
Venlafaxine
Duloxetine

Milnacipran
Levmilnacipran

(Note: No other drugs in the antidepressant category start with D or V)

usmle (15 decks)

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