Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

usmle > Nervous system/drugs > Flashcards

Nervous system/drugs Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Parasympathetics

A
  • Parasympathetics use neurons that are cholingergic (that is, ACh is the main neurotransmitter)
  • Pelvic splanchnic nerves and CN lll, Vll, lX, X
  • M2 (inhibitory) decrease HR and contra filing of atria
  • M3 (q) bladder contraction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sympathetics

A
  • Sympathetics use neurons that are adrengergic use Epinephrine and NE as the main neurotransmitters)
  • Sweat glands are part of sym. Pathway but are innervated by cholinergic fibers
  • a1 -phospholipids C,protein kinase C, ca2+=smooth muscle contraction.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ACh receptors

A

Nicotinic ACh receptors are Ligand-gated Na+/K+ Channels: Nn (found in autonomic gangia, adrenal medulla) and Nm (neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

direct cholingeric drugs

A

Bethanechol
Carbachol
Methacholine
pilocarpine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

indirect cholinergic drugs

A
  • parasympathetic
  • donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine
  • edrophonium
  • neostigmine
  • physostigmine
  • pryidostigmine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Bethanochol

A
  • No nictotinic activity
  • Resistant to AChE
  • Activates Bowel and bladder
  • uses:Postoperative Joey’s, neurogenic Josh’s, urinary retention.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Anti cholinergic drugs

A
  • atropine
  • anti dumbbelss
  • sympathetic; cant see, pee or shit.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Alzheimer’s drugs

A

Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Galantamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Neostigmine

A
  • No CNS penetration

- used to reverse neuromuscular blockade (post op)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Physostigmine

A
  • PHreely Crosses BBB (tertiary amine)

- antidote (Phyxes) for atropine overdose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

-Increases muscle strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Organophosphates

A
  • Irreversibly inhibit AChE = DUMBBELSS

- Antidote is atropine (competitive inhibitor) + pralidoxime (regenerates AChE if given early)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pralidoxime

A

-Regenerates AChE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atropine

A
  • Dilates eye

- Cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle leading to loss of accommodation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fenoldopam

A
  • D1

- Promotes Natriuresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isoproterenol

A
  • Can worsen ischemia
  • B1=B2
  • Reflex tachycardia (vs Norepinephrine)
  • Decreased MAP
  • Unopposed B2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • Reflex bradycardia
  • a1>a2>B1
  • Unopposed a1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Phenylephrine

A
  • a1>a2
  • Used for ocular procedures to dilate eye.
  • Ischemic priapism (pain and rigidity of penis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A1 stimulator drugs

A

Midodrine
Phenylephrine
Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Mirabegron

A
  • B3

- Used in urinary urge incontinency/overactive bladder (sudden urge to urinate followed by involuntary loss of urine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Albuterol, Salmeterol, terbutaline

A
  • B2 > B1

- Albuterol used for acute asthma or COPD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Terbutaline

A

-Acute bronchospasm in asthma and tocolysis (anti-contraction to prevent premature labor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Salmeterol

A
  • Long term asthma

- COPD management

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Anti-sympathetics

A
  • AKA a2 agonists
  • Anti-hypertensive drugs
  • Clonidine, guanfacine
  • a-methyldopa
  • tizanidine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Clonidine

Guanfacine

A
  • Used in hypertensive urgency
  • Symptoms control in opioid withdrawal
  • Rebound hypertension with abrupt cessation .
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

A-methyldopa

A
  • HTN in pregnancy

- Side effect: Direct Coombs + hemolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Tizanidine

A
  • Relief of spasticity

- Side effect: xerostomia (dry mouth)

28
Q

Alpha blockers

A 
-Non-selective:
Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
-a1 selective:
Prazosin, terazosin,
Doxazosin, tamsulosin
-a2 selective:
Mirtazapine
29
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A
  • Irreversible
  • non selective alpha blocker
  • SE: reflex tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension
30
Q

Phentolamine

A
  • Reversible
  • non-selective
  • cocaine induced HTN
  • patients taking MAO inhibitors who eat tyramine containing foods.
  • SE: reflex tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension.
31
Q

Selective a1 blockers

A

Tamsulosin
Terazosin
Doxazosin
Prazosin

32
Q

Tamsulosin

A
  • Not given in HTN like other a1 blockers.

- 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension

33
Q

Prazosin

A
  • Used in PTSD
  • Urinary symptoms of BPH
  • 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension
34
Q

Doxazosin side effects

A

-SE: dizziness, headache, 1st-dose orthostatic hypotension

35
Q

Selective A2 blockers

Uses and Side effects

A

-Mirtazapine:
Uses:
-Depression

SE:

  • increased cholesterol
  • Increased appetite
  • Sedation
36
Q

BP response to epinephrine and when adding alpha blockade

A

-Epinephrine is b > a so when adding alpha blocker there is unopposed beta action:
B1: reflex tachycardia
B2: reversal of MAP from net increase to a net decrease.

37
Q

BP response to phenylephrine and when adding alpha blockade

A
  • a1 > a2
  • Phenylephrine is a PURE alpha agonist therefore response is suppressed but NOT reversed (lacks beta agonist properties)
38
Q

Selective B1 blockers

A
  • A to M

- Acebutolol (partial agonist)

39
Q

Non-selective B blockers

A
  • B1 > B2

- N to Z; nadolol, pindolol (partial agonist), propranolol, timolol

40
Q

Both alpha and beta blockers

A
  • Carvedilol

- Labetalol

41
Q

Nebivolol

A

-Combination of B1 (cardiac selective) blockade with B3 blockade (increases NO and decreased SVR)

42
Q

Anti-cholingergic, drugs that treat irritable bowel syndrome anti- spasmodics.

A

Hyoscyamine

Dicyclomine

43
Q

Cholinergic drugs affect on bladder and GI

A
  • Contracts bladder (treats urinary retention; bethanechol, neostigmine)
  • Contacts gut (treats ileus; lack of movement in the intestine leading to build up of stuff; neostigmine and bethanochol)
44
Q

Ingested seafood

A
  • Histamine (scombroid poisoning)
  • Ciguatoxin
  • Tetrodotoxin
45
Q

Pufferfish

A
  • Tetrodotoxin
  • Puffer Prevents depolarization
  • Blocks fast voltage gated Na+ channels
  • loss of reflexes
46
Q

Histamine (scombroid poisoning)

A
  • spoiled dark meat fish
  • mahi mahi, tuna, mackerel bonito
  • bacterial histidine decarboxylase converts histidine to histamine.
  • mimics anaphylaxis;flushing, burning sensation in mouth, angioedema, bronchospasm
47
Q

Ciguatoxin

A
  • reef fish; barracuda, snapper, moray eel
  • Cigua Causes depolarization
  • Perioral numbness
  • reversal of hot and cold sensations,
48
Q

Argus to avoid in elderly patients (BEER CRITERIA-due to decreased efficacy or increased risk of adverse effects)

A
  • A-BLOCKERS (hypotension)
  • anticholingergics, antidepressant, antihistamines, opioids (delirium, sensations, falls, constipation, urinary retention)
  • PPI’s, NSAIDS, Benzos
49
Q

Acetaminophen toxicity antidote

A

N-acetylcysteine (replenishes glutathione)

50
Q

AChE inhibitors, organophosphate toxicity antidote

A

Atropine > Pralidoxime

51
Q

Arsenic toxicity antidote

A

Dimercaprol, succiner

52
Q

Benzodiazepines antidote

A

Flumazenil

53
Q

Carbon monoxide antidote

A

100% oxygen, hyperbaric oxygen

54
Q

Copper toxicity antidote

A

Penicillamine, Trientine

55
Q

Cyanide toxicity

A

Nitrite, thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamine

56
Q

Digitalis toxicity

A

Anti-dig Fab fragments

57
Q

Heparin toxicity antidote

A

Protamine sulfate

58
Q

Iron antidote

A

Dexferoxamine, deferasirox, deferiprone.

59
Q

Lead antidote

A

EDTA, Dimercaprol, succiner, penacilllamine

60
Q

Mercury antidote

A

Dimercaprol, succimer

61
Q

Methanol, ethylene glycol (antifreeze)

A

Fomepizole > ethanol, dialysis

62
Q

Methemoglobin

A

Methylene blue, vitamin C (reducing agent)

63
Q

Opioids

A

Naloxone

64
Q

Salicylates

A

NaHCO3 (alkalyzes urine), dialysis

65
Q

TCA’s

A

NaHCO3 (stabilizes cardiac cell membrane)

66
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K (delayed effect) fresh frozen plasma (immediate)

usmle (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions