pharmacology Flashcards
side effect of antipsychotics - restlessness, urge to move, cannot sit still - dx?
akathisia
akathisia - tx?
- try to decrease dose of antipsychotic
- if unable, add B-blocker (propanolol)
how is lithium eliminated?
ONLY renally
by what mechanisms may lithium levels be affected?
- meds that suppress GFR
- affect Na or K levels
withdrawal from which drug can be life threatening?
benzos
side effects of haldol/antipsychotics?
- extrapyraidal symptoms
- tardive dyskinesia
- anticholinergic effects
- orthostatic hypoT
- sedation
acute cocaine ingestion w/cardiovascular manifestations - treatment?
- benzos + nitroglycerin
- ASA!
- BB CONTRAINDICATED (leads to unopposed a-1 receptor vasoconstriction)
- CCB for persistent CP
- phentolamine for persistent htn
- +/- PCI for MI
cholinergic toxicity symptoms?
D - defecation U - urination M - miosis B -bronchospasm/bradycardia E - emesis L - lacrimation S - salivation
cholinergic toxicity - treamtnet?
- atropine (competitive inhibito of acetylcholine)
- pralidoxime (cholinesterase reactivating)
anticholinergic toxicity - symtpoms?
- dryness
- flushing
- mydriasis
- urinary retention
- decreased bowel motility
opioid overdose - symptoms?
- pinpoint pupils
- resp depression
treatment for narcolepsy?
modafinil (novel stimulant)
treatment for cataplexy?
SNRI (venlafaxine)
SSRI
TCA
St John’s wort - interacts with which meds?
- OCPs
- ARTs
- immunosuppressives
- narcotics
- anticoagulants
- antifungals
what class is dobutamine?
beta-1 agonist –> improves cardiogenic shock by increasing LV contractility
ehat class is epinephrine?
beta-1 and alpha-1 agonist
what to do in MI w/badycardia that does not respond to atropine?
temp pacing
typical managmenet of RV MI w/hypotension?
FLUIDS (pre-load dependent)
serotonin syndrome - symptoms?
- mental status change
- autonomic dysregulation (sweat, tachy, htn, fever, diarrhea, mydriasis)
- neuromusc hyperactivity (hyperreflexia, tremor, rigid, myoclonus)
how treat serotonin syndrome?
- stop serotenergic meds
- supportive care
- sedate w/benzos
- serotonin antagonist if supportive fails
neuroleptic malignant syndrome - what is it? in response to which med?
idiosyncatic reaction to domapine antagonists
neuroleptic malignant syndroe - symptoms?
- tremor
- hyperreflexia
- myoclonus
- bradykinesia
- “lead pipe” rigidity
drugs that most commonly cause SJS?
- abx
- anticonvulsants
symptoms of PCP intoixcatiotn?
- agitated, combative
- ataxia
- htn
- tachy
- prominent nystagmus (all directions)
how treat acute agitation in PCP intoxication?
benzos
treatment for bipolar disorder?
1) antipsychotic
PLUS
2) mood stabilizer (ie lithium, valproate)
