neurology

Question 1

Wallenberg syndrome - characteristics?

Answer 1

vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus abnormal face sensation, loss of sensation to ipsilateral face/contralateral trunk, dysphagia, dysarthria, Horner’s syndrome

Question 2

Horner’s syndrome - characteristics?

Answer 2

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

Question 3

Wallenberg syndrome - where is the lesion?

Answer 3

lateral medulla

Question 4

weakness of muscles of mastication, diminished jaw jerk reflex, impaired tactile/position sense - where is the lesion?

Answer 4

lateral mid-pontine

Question 5

medial medullary syndrome - characteristics?

Answer 5

contralateral paralysis of arm and leg, tongue deviation toward lesion

Question 6

medial mid-pontine infarction - characteristics?

Answer 6

contralateral ataxia and hemiparesis of face, trunk, limbs

Question 7

acoustic neuromas - what cell are they made from?

Answer 7

Schwann cells

Question 8

glial tumors - what cell are they made from?

Answer 8

astrocytes

Question 9

appropriate ratio for WBC:RBC in spinal fluid?

Answer 9

1 WBC per 750-1000 RBC

Question 10

myasthenia gravis - pathophysiology?

Answer 10

autoantibdies against acetylcholine receptor

Question 11

myasthenia gravis - associated with what?

Answer 11

thymoma

Question 12

multiple sclerosis - what see on LP CSF?

Answer 12

oligoclonal IgG bands

Question 13

transverse myelitis - clinical manifestation?

Answer 13

upper motor neuron signs and sensory loss below the level of spinal involvement

Question 14

periventricular white matter lesions - what indicate?

Answer 14

MS

Question 15

multiple sclerosis - long term maintenance therapy?

Answer 15

DMARDs

• B-interferon
• glatiramer acetate

Question 16

what is pramipexole?

Answer 16

dopamine agonist used in Parkinson’s

Question 17

benztropine - what it is?

Answer 17

anticholinergic used to treat drug-induced dystonia (antipsychotics, metoclopramide)

Question 18

hazard ratio - what is it?

Answer 18

likelihood of an event occuring in a treatment group relative to the control group

Question 19

relative risk - what is it?

Answer 19

calculated @ end of study to convey the risk of an event occuring within that time frame

Question 20

how is HR different that RR?

Answer 20

RR is calculated @ end of study, HR is measure of intantaneous risk of event occurring

Question 21

vibration sense, Romberg sign - where does this localize?

Answer 21

dorsal spinal column

Question 22

spastic paresis, hyperreflexia - where does this localize?

Answer 22

corticospinal tract

Question 23

ptosis and anisicoria - which CN palsy?

Answer 23

3

Question 24

posterior communicating artery aneurysm - symptoms?

Answer 24

diplopia 2/2 CN 3 compression

Question 25

cluster headache - tx if lasting >2 months?

Answer 25

verapamil

Question 26

which anticonvulsant sometimes used in trigeminal neuralgia?

Answer 26

carbamazepine

Question 27

infant w/flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, fasciculations w/degeneration of anterior horn cells - which disease?

Answer 27

spinal muscular atrophy

Question 28

demyelination of peripheral nerve axons - which dz?

Answer 28

Guillain-Barre

Question 29

Guillain-barre - Tx?

Answer 29

pooled human immune globulin

Question 30

pyridostigmine - what does it do?

Answer 30

inhibits acetylcholinesterase = increases amount of ACh

Question 31

pt w/difficulty copying simple line drawings and getting dressed - where is lesion?

Answer 31

nondominant parietal lobe

Question 32

pt w/difficulty performing arithmetic, naming fingers, writing, telling L from R - where is lesion?

Answer 32

dominant parietal lobe

Question 33

visual dsorders and impaired perception of complex sounds - where i lesion?

Answer 33

nondominant temporal lobe

Question 34

aphasia - where is lesion?

Answer 34

dominant temporal lobe (Wernickes or Brocas)

Question 35

sudden onset partial Horner's syndrome - dx?

Answer 35

carotid artery dissection

Question 36

Horner's syndrome - symptoms?

Answer 36

- ptosis - miosis - anhidrosis

Question 37

thiamine deficiency - clinical manifestations?

Answer 37

- encephalopathy - oculomotor dysfunction - gait ataxia

Question 38

tabes dorsalis - what is it?

Answer 38

late neurosyphilis - neurdegeneration of posterior spinal columns and nerve roots

Question 39

posterior spinal column - what does impairment cause?

Answer 39

- vibration/proprioception - sensory ataxia - instability in Romberg test

Question 40

infectious causes of stroke?

Answer 40

- endocarditis - VZV - meningovascular syphilis - bacerial meningitis - TB meningitis

Question 41

hematologic causes of stroke?

Answer 41

- HIT - inherited/acquired hypercoag state - sickle cell

Question 42

amaurosis fugax - what is it?

Answer 42

acute ischemic event involving retinal artery - sudden and transient monocular blindness

Question 43

treatment for dementia-related cognitive impairment?

Answer 43

``` Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors -- donepezli -- rivastigmine -- galantamine NMDA receptor antagonist -- memantine ```

Question 44

botulism tx?

Answer 44

- equine serum antitoxin | - abx

Question 45

botulism - symptos?

Answer 45

symmetric descending weakness (starting w/cranial nerves)

Question 46

weakness and paresthesias that start in legs and work way up after diarrheal illness?

Answer 46

guillain bare

Question 47

transverse myelitis - treatment?

Answer 47

high dose steroids

Question 48

ALS - treatment?

Answer 48

- riluzole | - supportive care

Question 49

Guillain Barre - treatment?

Answer 49

IVIG/plasma exchange

Question 50

transverse myelitis - pts at higher risk of what dz?

Answer 50

MS

Question 51

Wernike encehalopathy - synptoms?

Answer 51

- oculomotor dysfunction - ataxia - encephalopathy