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usmle step 3 > neurology > Flashcards

neurology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Wallenberg syndrome - characteristics?

A

vertigo, diplopia, nystagmus abnormal face sensation, loss of sensation to ipsilateral face/contralateral trunk, dysphagia, dysarthria, Horner’s syndrome

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2
Q

Horner’s syndrome - characteristics?

A

ptosis
miosis
anhidrosis

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3
Q

Wallenberg syndrome - where is the lesion?

A

lateral medulla

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4
Q

weakness of muscles of mastication, diminished jaw jerk reflex, impaired tactile/position sense - where is the lesion?

A

lateral mid-pontine

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5
Q

medial medullary syndrome - characteristics?

A

contralateral paralysis of arm and leg, tongue deviation toward lesion

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6
Q

medial mid-pontine infarction - characteristics?

A

contralateral ataxia and hemiparesis of face, trunk, limbs

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7
Q

acoustic neuromas - what cell are they made from?

A

Schwann cells

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8
Q

glial tumors - what cell are they made from?

A

astrocytes

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9
Q

appropriate ratio for WBC:RBC in spinal fluid?

A

1 WBC per 750-1000 RBC

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10
Q

myasthenia gravis - pathophysiology?

A

autoantibdies against acetylcholine receptor

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11
Q

myasthenia gravis - associated with what?

A

thymoma

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12
Q

multiple sclerosis - what see on LP CSF?

A

oligoclonal IgG bands

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13
Q

transverse myelitis - clinical manifestation?

A

upper motor neuron signs and sensory loss below the level of spinal involvement

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14
Q

periventricular white matter lesions - what indicate?

A

MS

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15
Q

multiple sclerosis - long term maintenance therapy?

A

DMARDs

  • B-interferon
  • glatiramer acetate
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16
Q

what is pramipexole?

A

dopamine agonist used in Parkinson’s

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17
Q

benztropine - what it is?

A

anticholinergic used to treat drug-induced dystonia (antipsychotics, metoclopramide)

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18
Q

hazard ratio - what is it?

A

likelihood of an event occuring in a treatment group relative to the control group

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19
Q

relative risk - what is it?

A

calculated @ end of study to convey the risk of an event occuring within that time frame

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20
Q

how is HR different that RR?

A

RR is calculated @ end of study, HR is measure of intantaneous risk of event occurring

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21
Q

vibration sense, Romberg sign - where does this localize?

A

dorsal spinal column

22
Q

spastic paresis, hyperreflexia - where does this localize?

A

corticospinal tract

23
Q

ptosis and anisicoria - which CN palsy?

A

3

24
Q

posterior communicating artery aneurysm - symptoms?

A

diplopia 2/2 CN 3 compression

25
Q

cluster headache - tx if lasting >2 months?

A

verapamil

26
Q

which anticonvulsant sometimes used in trigeminal neuralgia?

A

carbamazepine

27
Q

infant w/flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, fasciculations w/degeneration of anterior horn cells - which disease?

A

spinal muscular atrophy

28
Q

demyelination of peripheral nerve axons - which dz?

A

Guillain-Barre

29
Q

Guillain-barre - Tx?

A

pooled human immune globulin

30
Q

pyridostigmine - what does it do?

A

inhibits acetylcholinesterase = increases amount of ACh

31
Q

pt w/difficulty copying simple line drawings and getting dressed - where is lesion?

A

nondominant parietal lobe

32
Q

pt w/difficulty performing arithmetic, naming fingers, writing, telling L from R - where is lesion?

A

dominant parietal lobe

33
Q

visual dsorders and impaired perception of complex sounds - where i lesion?

A

nondominant temporal lobe

34
Q

aphasia - where is lesion?

A

dominant temporal lobe (Wernickes or Brocas)

35
Q

sudden onset partial Horner’s syndrome - dx?

A

carotid artery dissection

36
Q

Horner’s syndrome - symptoms?

A
  • ptosis
  • miosis
  • anhidrosis
37
Q

thiamine deficiency - clinical manifestations?

A
  • encephalopathy
  • oculomotor dysfunction
  • gait ataxia
38
Q

tabes dorsalis - what is it?

A

late neurosyphilis - neurdegeneration of posterior spinal columns and nerve roots

39
Q

posterior spinal column - what does impairment cause?

A
  • vibration/proprioception
  • sensory ataxia
  • instability in Romberg test
40
Q

infectious causes of stroke?

A
  • endocarditis
  • VZV
  • meningovascular syphilis
  • bacerial meningitis
  • TB meningitis
41
Q

hematologic causes of stroke?

A
  • HIT
  • inherited/acquired hypercoag state
  • sickle cell
42
Q

amaurosis fugax - what is it?

A

acute ischemic event involving retinal artery - sudden and transient monocular blindness

43
Q

treatment for dementia-related cognitive impairment?

A 
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
-- donepezli
-- rivastigmine
-- galantamine
NMDA receptor antagonist
-- memantine
44
Q

botulism tx?

A
  • equine serum antitoxin

- abx

45
Q

botulism - symptos?

A

symmetric descending weakness (starting w/cranial nerves)

46
Q

weakness and paresthesias that start in legs and work way up after diarrheal illness?

A

guillain bare

47
Q

transverse myelitis - treatment?

A

high dose steroids

48
Q

ALS - treatment?

A
  • riluzole

- supportive care

49
Q

Guillain Barre - treatment?

A

IVIG/plasma exchange

50
Q

transverse myelitis - pts at higher risk of what dz?

A

MS

51
Q

Wernike encehalopathy - synptoms?

A
  • oculomotor dysfunction
  • ataxia
  • encephalopathy

usmle step 3 (14 decks)

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