pharmacology Flashcards
in the big picture, what do receptors do?
enable specificity
evoke an appropriate response
come in families built along similar lines
Give an example of a group of lipid soluble chemical messengers that have intracellular receptors?
steroid hormones
What are the four different types of plasma membrane receptors?
- ionotropic receptors where receptor is also an ion channel
- receptor that functions as an enzyme - intrinsic enzyme activity
- receptor that directly alters enzyme activity but that enzyme is another protein - interact with JAK kinases
- g-protein coupled receptors
Which type of plasma membrane receptor responds to tyrosine kinases and leads to proliferation and differentiation?
receptors with intrinsic enzyme activity
How many transmembrane spanning segments does a G-protein coupled receptor have?
7
Name two things the transmitter and 2nd messenger of a G-protein could end up regulating?
active transport lipid breakdown glycogen breakdown secretion ion channels protein synthesis and calcium transport nucleic acid synthesis
What does adenylyl cyclase produce and what does that regulate?
cAMP which regulates PKA
What are DAG (which regulates PKC) and IP3 (which regulates calcium ions) produced by?
Phospholipase C
What are PKA and PKC used to do?
phosphorylate and therefore regulate a whole host of cell proteins
what is pharmacology?
the study of the way living systems are affected by chemical agents
define a drug
any chemical agent that affects a biological system
What are the sources of drugs?
- natural products from nature
- synthetic drugs by pharmaceutical industry
- biotechnology using living systems to make therapeutic agents
- gene therapy to introduce new DNA
how is affinity determined?
by strength of chemical attraction between drug and receptor
What is the EC50?
half maximal response, presumably because half the available receptors are activated
What happens to the curve in terms of EC50 if you have a drug with a higher affinity?
EC50 goes down
