lipids 2 Flashcards
Name the process where fatty acids are broken down in the tissue to release energy
Beta oxidation
What 3 products are produced from beta oxidation?
Acetyl CoA, FADH2, NADH
can fatty acids be converted to glucose?
NO
how many carbons are degraded at a time on fatty acids in the beta-oxidation pathway?
2
where does beta-oxidation occur?
mitochondrial matrix
what are the three stages a fatty acid undergoes to enable beta oxidation?
- activation of fatty acids in the cytosol
- transport into the mitochondria
- degradation to two carbon fragments in mitochondrial matrix
in the cytosol, what is fatty acid activated to form?
fatty acyl CoA
how does fatty acyl CoA cross the outer mitochondrial membrane?
carnitine shuffle
what inhibits carnitine fatty acyl-transferase (CAT-1) or carnitine palmitoyl-transferase to prevent synthesis and degradation occurring simultaneously?
malonyl CoA
what are the risks with a carnitine palmitoyl-transferase deficiency (CAT-1)?
no beta oxidation so hypoglycaemia
coma on overnight fast
what are the 4 main steps of actual beta-oxidation?
- dehydrogenation (to produce FADH2)
- hydration
- dehydrogenation (to produce NADH)
- Thiolysis (cleaved) to produce acetyl CoA
What happens in step one dehydrogenation of beta oxidation?
Fatty acyl CoA is oxidised and a double bond is formed
FAD is reduced to FADH2
What happens in step 2?
water is added in to the double bond
What happens in step 3?
2 carbons are removed
NAD is reduced to NADH
What does thiolysis produce and what does this product feed into?
acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle
