lipids 3

Question 1

what are fatty acids synthesised from?

Answer 1

excess carbohydrate and protein components (acetyl CoA)

Question 2

where does fatty acid synthesis occur?

Answer 2

liver
lactating mammary gland
(adipose tissue)
specifically the cytosol

Question 3

what is used in the process of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 3

ATP and NADH

Question 4

how is acetyl (from acetyl CoA) transferred from mitochondrial matrix to cytosol to be synthesised into a fatty acid?

Answer 4

citrate shuttle

Question 5

which enzyme is responsible for activation/regulation of fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 5

Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Question 6

which enzyme is a multifunctional enzyme during fatty acid synthesis?

Answer 6

fatty acid synthase

Question 7

what is the product of fatty acid synthesis? (specifically)

Answer 7

palmitic acid

Question 8

what is acetyl CoA carboxylase activated and deactivated by?

Answer 8

activated by insulin and citrate - signal that there is enough glucose so make fatty acid
deactivated by glucagon, epinephrine and palmitoyl CoA which says when there’s enough fatty acid so halt synthesis

Question 9

What are the four basic steps of fatty acid synthesis

Answer 9

condensation
reduction
dehydrated
reduction

Question 10

how many times is the elongation cycle repeated?

Answer 10

6

Question 11

what are the intermediates in fatty acid synthesis covalently linked to?

Answer 11

Acyl Carrier Protein (ACP)

Question 12

How many NADPH come from the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 12

6

Question 13

What is the difference between synthesis and degradation of FA in terms of cellular location?

Answer 13

synthesis - cytosol

mitochondrial matrix - mitochondrial matrix

Question 14

What’s the difference between synthesis and degradation in terms of carrier protein?

Answer 14

synthesis -ACP

degradation - CoA

Question 15

What’s the difference between synthesis and degradation in terms of number of enzymes?

Answer 15

Synthesis - single

degradation - multiple

Question 16

What’s the difference between synthesis and degradation in terms of redox molecules?

Answer 16

synthesis - reductant NADP

degradation - oxidant NAD+ and FAD

Question 17

what is the building bock for synthesis and degradation?

Answer 17

synthesis - malonyl CoA

degradation - acetyl CoA

Question 18

what are steroid hormones?

Answer 18

chemical substances that serve as chemical messengers

Question 19

what is the starting material for the synthesis of steroid hormones?

Answer 19

cholesterol

Question 20

what are derived from 20-carbon unsaturated fatty acids (eicosanoic acids) and are made throughout the body?

Answer 20

eicosanoids

Question 21

what are the functions of cholesterol?

Answer 21

• component of cell membranes

- precursor to other substances

Question 22

What kind of medicines inhibit an enzymes essential in cholesterol synthesis?

Answer 22

statins

Question 23

what are eicosanoids precursors to?

Answer 23

prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes

Question 24

name two things eicosanoids regulate

Answer 24

inflammatory response
pain and fever
blood pressure regulation
blood clotting induction
many reproductive functions and menstrual cramps
sleep/wake cycle