Pharmacology 4 Flashcards
1
Q
what does B.D mean?
A
Twice a day
2
Q
what does T.D.S mean?
A
three times a day
3
Q
what does Q.D.S mean?
A
four times a day
4
Q
what does nocte mean?
A
at night
5
Q
what does mane mean?
A
in the morning
6
Q
what does STAT mean?
A
immediately
7
Q
what does P.R.N mean?
A
as required
8
Q
what does IM mean?
A
intramuscular
9
Q
what does IV mean?
A
intravenous
10
Q
hat does IVI mean?
A
intravenous infusion
11
Q
what does P.O mean?
A
oral
12
Q
what does P.R mean?
A
rectal
13
Q
what does P.V mean?
A
Vaginal
14
Q
what does S.C mean?
A
subcutaneous
15
Q
what does mcg mean?
A
micrograms
16
Q
what does mg mean?
A
milligrams
17
Q
what goes g mean?
A
grams
18
Q
what does kg mean?
A
kilograms
19
Q
what does ml mean?
A
millilitres
20
Q
what does l mean?
A
litres
21
Q
what does CD mean?
A
Controlled drug
22
Q
what does OCP mean?
A
Oral contraceptive pill
23
Q
what does PCA mean?
A
patient controlled analgesia
24
Q
what does POM mean?
A
prescription only medicine
25
what does PGD mean?
patient group directive
26
what does GSL mean?
general sales list
27
what does SSRI mean?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (antidepressants)
28
what drug family does Anti-D belong to?
immunoglobulins
29
what is anti-D proprietary name?
D-GAM Anti-D Rh immunoglobulins Rhophylac
30
what is the usual route and does of Anti-D?
IM or SC, 1,500 IU routine and sensitising 500IU
31
what drug group is Anti-D?
POM and ME
32
what are the contraindications of Anti-D?
Caution in those who have had an adverse reaction to blood transfusion or to administration of blood derivatives
Hypersensitivity - IM route is contraindicated in persons with severe thrombocytopenia or other disorders of haemostasis
33
what are the interactions with Anti-D?
live vaccines
– if anti-D is given within 2–4 weeks of live vaccine then its action may be impaired
34
what are the indications for Anti-D?
Indications
* pregnancy/delivery of a RhD-positive baby
* abortion/threatened abortion, ectopic pregnancy or hydatidiform mole
* after antepartum haemorrhage (APH), amniocentesis, chorionic biopsy or obstetrical manipulative procedure, e.g. external cephalic version, or abdominal trauma that may cause transplacental haemorrhage (TPH)
* treatment of RhD-negative patients after transfusion of RhD-positive blood or other products containing RhD-positive red blood cells (e.g. platelets)
35
what drug family does diamorphine belong to?
analgesic
36
what is diamorphine proprietary name?
Diamorphine Hydrochloride
37
what type of drug is diamorphine?
POM,CD and ME
38
what are the contraindications for diamorphone?
- Acute respiratory depression
- Asthma
- Acute alcoholism (hypotension)
- Severe renal impairment
- Acute diarrheal conditions
- Patient taking other opiates (prescribed or elicit use)
- Known phaeochromocytoma
- Known raised intracranial pressure
- Taking a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI), cimetidine or selegiline.
- Allergy to morphine, codeine or diamorphine
- Should not be given close to birth as can make baby's sleepy on arrival or can having breathing issues
- Can make mum's feel sick therefore an antiemetic is usually given at the same time.
- VE is usually performed before administration.
Crosses placenta within 1 hour administration causes withdrawal symptoms, meconium aspiration, respiratory depression, IUD
39
what are the side effects of diamorphine?
Side Effects
- nausea and vomiting
- tachycardia
- hypothermia
- urinary retention
- constipation
- dizziness
40
what are the interactions with diamorphine?
Non-specific to diamorphine but characteristic of opioids.
Alcohol
– enhances the sedative effect, increases hypotension.
Analgesics
– enhanced effects.
Antidepressants
– avoid concurrent administration of MAOI or administration within 2 weeks of their discontinuation increases the sedative effect of tricyclics.
Anxiolytics and hypnotics
– enhances the sedative effect.
Cimetidine
– inhibits metabolism, thereby increasing the plasma concentration of the opioid.
Metoclopramide
– antagonism of the effect on gastrointestinal activity
41
why is diamorphine used?
Reasons for Use
Pain relief in labour or latent phase of labour
The patient’s Booking Weight is at least 50kg
42
what is the dose of diamorphine given?
IM 5-10mg or slow IV 0.25-.05
43
what is the frequency of the dose of diamorphine?
Frequency of administration (depends on woman's size)
- As clinically indicated up to a maximum of 15mg in divided dose before medical review.
- The minimum interval after giving 5mg diamorphine before giving another dose of diamorphine, or morphine sulphate 10mg/5ml oral solution (Oramorph®) is 2 hours.
- The minimum interval after giving 10mg diamorphine before giving another dose of diamorphine, or morphine sulphate 10mg/5ml oral solution (Oramorph®) is 4 hours.
- Do not administer diamorphine within 2 hours after a dose of morphine sulphate 10mg/5ml oral solution (Oramorph®).
44
what is paracetamol uses dose and route?
P.O or P.R Adult: Oral: 500mg - 1g 4-6 hourly (Max 4g daily) Rectal: 0.5-1g q.d.s
45
what drug family does paracetamol belong to?
Analgesic, Non-opioid
46
what type of drug is paracetamol?
POM, GSL
GSL - sold in packs of no more than 16.
POM - Pharmacist may give up to 32 tablets.
47
what are the indications for paracetamol?
Indications
Mild to moderate pain, including headache, rheumatic pain, pyrexia, dysmenorrhea, toothache, sore throat and colds
48
what are the side effects to paracetamol?
Side effects
- Overdose
- pancreatitis with prolonged use
49
what are the contraindications to paracetamol?
Hypersensitivity, hepatic and renal disease, alcohol dependence.
Can give to paracetamol at two time if over 50kg
50
what are the interactions of paracetamol?
Interactions
- anticoagulants - with prolonged use seems to enhance the effects of warfarin.
- cholestyramine - reduces the absorption of paracetamol
- Metoclopramide - enhances the effect of paracetamol
51
what is the usual route and dose for folic acid?
P.O 400mcg,
52
what type of drug is folic acid?
POM and GSL
53
what are the contraindications of folic acid?
Contraindications
Untreated pernicious anaemia or other cause of cobalamin deficiency, including lifelong vegetarians
54
what are the interactions of folic acid?
Antiepileptics
– absorption of phenytoin or phenobarbital is reduced (plasma concentrations), increasing the risk of seizures; therefore, advice should be taken on supplementation
Antibacterials
– chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole may interfere with folate metabolism
55
why is folic acid taken?
Pre-conception or first 12 weeks of gestation: 400 mcg daily (BNF 2019) 1 daily.
In folate-deficiency anaemia: 5 mg/day for 4 months or continued to term
Taken to help form neural tube and prevent things like spina bifda.
Higher doses may be required in patients with BMI > 30
No side effects or fetal risks
56
what is ibuprofen usual route and dose?
P.O, 200mg 1-2 doses after food up to T.D.S 1.2g daily in 2-4 doses
57
what drug group is ibuprofen?
Analgesic, non-opioid, NSAID
58
what type of drug is ibuprofen?
POM or GSL
59
what are the indications for ibuprofen?
mild pain and particularly perineal
60
contraindications of ibuprofen?
- hypersensitivity,
active peptic ulcer,
history of bleeding
secondary to
NSAIDs, severe
hepatic, renal or
heart failure, third
trimester of
pregnancy
61
interactions of ibuprofen?
- As for diclofenac and salicylic acid
Avoid with aspirin, other NSAIDs or COX inhibitors (e.g. celecoxib), lithium. Caution with steroids, anti-hypertensives, digoxin, methotrexate, ciclosporin, warfarin
62
what is the propiertary name of lactulose?
Duphalac or lactulose solution
63
usual route and dose of lactulose?
P.O 15ml B.D
64
contraindications of lactulose?
Contraindications
- Galactosaemia, intestinal obstruction
65
side effects of lactulose?
Flatulence, abdominal cramps and discomfort
66
indications for microlax-enema?
Indications
- Constipation
Works within 5-15 minutes of insertion.
67
usual route and dose of microlax-enema?
P.R: One suppository (5ml)
68
type of drug is microlax enema?
GSL and P
69
contraindications of mircolax enema?
Contraindications
- anal fissure
- hemorrhoids
- inflammatory bowel disease
70
interactions or microlax enema?
Interactions
Sucralfate
Sodium citrate is predicted to increase the risk of adverse effects when given with Sucralfate. Manufacturer advises avoid.
Methenamine
Sodium citrate is predicted to decrease the efficacy of Methenamine. Manufacturer advises avoid.
71
type of drug is lactulose?
P
72
what drug family does paracetamol belong to?
Analgesic, Non-opioid
73
what is paracetamol usual route?
P.O or P.R Adult: Oral: 500mg - 1g 4-6 hourly (Max 4g daily) Rectal: 0.5-1g q.d.s
74
type of drug is paracetamol?
POM and GSL
75
contraindications of paracetamol?
Contradictions
Hypersensitivity, hepatic and renal disease, alcohol dependence.
Can give to paracetamol at two time if over 50kg
76
interactions of paracetamol?
Interactions
- anticoagulants - with prolonged use seems to enhance the effects of warfarin.
- cholestyramine - reduces the absorption of paracetamol
- Metoclopramide - enhances the effect of paracetamol
77
what is usual dose for peppermint water?
P.O: 10-20ml Q.D.S
78
what is usual dose for peppermint water?
P.O: 10-20ml Q.D.S
79
what drug family does peppermint water belong to?
Anti-flatulent
80
what drug group is peppermint water in?
GSL
81
contraindications to peppermint water?
known hypersensitivity to any component of the medicine
- hypersensitivity to menthol
- cholangitis, gallstones and any other biliary disorders
- may worsen symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux (heartburn) if
so it should be discontinued
- inflamed and ulcerated conditions of the gastrointestinal tract
82
what are the indications for peppermint water?
Indication
Abdominal colic and flatulence.
Peppermint water contains 2.5 microlitres of peppermint oil per 5ml
83
side effects of peppermint water?
- irritation to the gastric mucosa and exacerbation of heartburn
- inta-oral symptoms caused by contact sensitivity such as burning
mouth syndrome, recurrent oral ulceration or a lichenoid reaction
have been reported - the frequency is not known
- allergic reactions to menthol have been reported, with headache,
bradycardia, muscle tremor, ataxia, anaphylactic shock and
erythematous skin rash
- on labour Nil
- on the neonate Nil
- on breast feeding Nil
84
what is the usual dose and route for peptac?
P.O 5-10ml Q.D.S
85
what drug family does peptac belong to?
Antiacid
86
what type of drug is pepac?
GSL
87
indications for peptac?
Gastro-oesophageal reflux - heartburn
88
contraindications for peptac?
Contraindications
- diabetics
- leave 1-2 hours between taking Peptac Liquid and other medicines.
89
what is prochloperazine?
antiemetic - stemetil
90
what is the usual route and dose of prochlorperazine?
IM:12.5mg once only. (6-8 hourly) P.O: 20mg initially. P.R
91
type of drug is prochlorperazine?
POM and ME
92
what is the fetal risk of stemetil?
In the first trimester there are reports of congenital defects associated with repeated use even at low doses, but single or occasional low doses appear safe; extrapyramidal symptoms in the neonate, lethargy and tremor, low Apgar Score, paradoxical hyperexcitability
93
side effects or prochlorperazine?
Side effects
Can cause prolonged labour and should be withheld until 3–4 cm dilation,
drowsiness, pallor, hypothermia, extrapyramidal effects, postural hypotension with tachycardia, liver dysfunction
94
contraindications of prochlorperazine?
Pregnancy, myasthenia gravis, cardiovascular and respiratory disease, epilepsy, phaeochromocytoma, liver or renal dysfunction, hypothyroidism
95
interactions of prochlorperazine?
Alcohol
– increases the sedative effect, particularly respiratory depression
Antacids
– interfere with the absorption of oral Stemetil
Anaesthetics
– increases their hypertensive effect
96
what is phytomenadoine?
vit k
97
what is the usual route of phytomenadoine?
IM or P.O: depends on baby's weight
98
contraindications of phytomenadoine?
declined
99
type of drug is phytomenadione?
POM and ME
100
what drug family does phytomenadione belong to?
Anticoagulant
101
indications of phytomenadione?
Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin K deficiency bleeding
102
interactions of pytomenadione?
Reverses the effects of warfarin
103
weight of vit-k and gestation?
Gestation
>34 weeks 1mg
<34 weeks refer to weight
104
dose of vit-k with weight of 1kg or less?
Weight 1kg or less - Dose Vit K - 0.4mg - IM Volume 0.04ml
105
dose of vit-k with weight 1-1.5kg?
Weight 1-1.5kg - Dose Vit K - 0.6mg - IM Volume 0.06ml
106
dose of vit-k weight 1.5-2kg?
Weight 1.5 - 2kg - Dose Vit K - 0.8mg - IM Volume - 0.08ml
107
dose of vit-k weight over 2kg?
Weight over 2kg - Dose Vit K - 1.0mg - IM volume 0.1ml
108
what is the oral dose of vit-k?
2mg which is repeated
