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First Aid MSK, Skin and CT > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

LTB4

A

Neutrophil chemotactic agent

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2
Q

LTC4, D4, E4

A

Increases bronchial tone

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3
Q

PGE2 and PGE2alpha

A

Increases uterine tone, decreases bronchial tone

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4
Q

TXA2

A

Increase platelet aggregation, increase vascular tone, increase bronchial tone

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5
Q

PGI2

A

Decrease platelet aggregation, decrease vascular tone, decrease bronchial tone, decrease uterine tone

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6
Q

Low dose aspirin <300mg/d

A

decreases platelet aggregation

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7
Q

intermediate dose of aspirin 300-2400mg/d

A

antipyretic and analgesic

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8
Q

high dose aspirin 2400-400mg/d

A

anti-inflammatory

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9
Q

stimulates respiratory centers causing hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis

A

Aspirin

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10
Q

Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 by covalent acetylation

A

Aspirin

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11
Q

NSAIDs

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen, indomethacin, ketorolac, diclofenac

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12
Q

reversibly blocks cyclooxygenase blocking PG syn

A

NSAIDs

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13
Q

used to close PDA

A

Indomethacin

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14
Q

Toxicity of NSAIDs

A

interstitial nephritis, gastric ulcer, renal ischemia

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15
Q

Reversibly inhibits COX2 found in inflammatory cells and vascular endothelium. Spares gastric mucosa

A

Celecoxib

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16
Q

Used in patient with RA and osetoarthritis who have gastritis or ulcers

A

Celecoxib

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17
Q

Reversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, mostly in CNS. Inactivated peripherally

A

Acetaminophen

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18
Q

Use instead of aspirin to avoid Reye syndrome

A

Acetaminophen

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19
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Antidote for Acetaminophen toxicity which regenerates glutathione

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20
Q

Acetaminophen metabolite

A

NAPQI, depletes glutathione and forms toxic tissue adducts in liver

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21
Q

Pyrophosphate analogs; bind hydroxyapatite in bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity

A

Bisphosphonates like Alendronate

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22
Q

Clinical use for Bisphosphonates

A

osteoporosis, hypercalcemia, Paget dx of bone

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23
Q

Advise patients to take this w/ water and remain upright for 30 minutes

A

Bisphosphonates, can cause corrosive esophagitis

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24
Q

Osetonecrosis of jaw

A

S/E of bisphosphonate

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25
Q

Used in lymphoma and leukemia to prevent tumor lysis-associated urate nephropathy

A

Allopurinol

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26
Q

Inhibits Xanthine Oxidase

A

Allopurinol and Febuxostat

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27
Q

Inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT (also inhibits secretion of penicillin)

A

Probenecid

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28
Q

NSAID drugs used for Acute gout

A

Naproxen and indomethacin

29
Q

Binds and stabilizes tubulin to inhibit microtubule polymerization, impairing leukocyte chemotaxis and degranulation.

A

Colchicine

30
Q

reactivation of latent TB

A

TNF-alpha inhibitors like Etanercept, Infliximab, adalimumab

31
Q

used for RA, psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis

A

Etanercept

32
Q

used for IBD, RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriasis

A

Infliximab and adalimumab

33
Q

Four main actions of NSAIDS

A

Anti-inflammatory, analgesia, antipyretic and antiplatelet activity

34
Q

Prostaglandins that cause abortions

A

Prostaglandin E1 (misoprostol), PGE2, and PGF2alpha

35
Q

Prostaglandin analog indicated for severe pulmonary hypertension

A

Epoprostenol (PGI2)

36
Q

Prostaglandin analog used as 2nd line for erectile dysfunction

A

Alprostadil (PGE1)

37
Q

Prostaglandin analog used in pediatrics to maintain patency of ductus arteriosis

A

Alprostadil (PGE1)

38
Q

NSAID available orally, IM, IV, nasally, and ophthalmically

39
Q

NSAID used mostly for anesthesia and has limited duration (<5 days) due to nephrotoxicity

40
Q

Difference between COX 1 and COX 2

A

COX 1: constitutive, COX 2: inducible during inflammation

41
Q

COX 2 inhibitors should be used cautiously in patients with

A

Pre-existing cardiac or renal disease

42
Q

Two main actions of acetaminophen

A

Antipyretic and analgesic activity

43
Q

Inhibitor of lipoxygenase

44
Q

Major side effect of zileuton that limits its use

A

Liver toxicity

45
Q

Two leukotrienes (LTD4) receptor antagonists used in asthma

A

Zafirlukast and montelukast

46
Q

NSAID avoided in gout because low doses increases uric acid levels

47
Q

Side effects of colchicine

A

Diarrhea, liver toxicity, myelosuppression

48
Q

Recombinant uricase that enhances uric acid metabolism and indicated for gout refractory to conventional therapy

A

Pegloticase

49
Q

DMARDs are slow acting drugs for this indication

A

Rheumatic diseases

50
Q

1st line for rheumatoic arthritis for most patients

A

Low-dose methotrexate

51
Q

Dose-limiting toxicity of methotrexate

A

Myelosuppression

52
Q

A mixture of two agents with one agent active for rheumatic disease and the other for inflammatory bowel disease

A

Sulfasalazine

53
Q

Alternative to methotrexate as 1st line for rheumatoid arthritis through inhibition of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, which leads to decreased pyrimidine synthesis

A

Leflunomide

54
Q

Anti-malarial drug used in rheumatoid arthritis

A

Hydroxychloroquine

55
Q

Side effect of hydroxychloroquine

A

Retinopathy

56
Q

Structurally related to acetylcholine, used to produce muscle paralysis in order to facilitate surgery or artifical ventilation. Full doses lead to respiratory paralysis and require ventilation

A

Neuromuscular blocking drugs

57
Q

This class of agents block acetylcholine receptors at motor endplates and its effects can be reversed by cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Nondepolarizing blockers

58
Q

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with long duration of action and is most likely to cause histamine release

A

Tubocurarine

59
Q

Non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocker with short duration of action

A

Mivacurium

60
Q

Two non-depolarizing blockers that undergo Hofmann elimination, which is useful for patients with renal and hepatic deficiency

A

Atracurium, cisatracurium

61
Q

Non-depolaring neuromuscular blocker with long duration of action that can block muscarinic receptor in the heart

A

Pancuronium

62
Q

These drugs strongly potentiate and prolong effect of neuromuscular blockers

A

Inhalation anesthetics (isoflurane), antibiotics (aminoglycosides, tetracyclines)

63
Q

Depolarizing blocker that causes muscle relaxation and paralysis and can cause postoperative muscle pain

A

Succinylcholine

64
Q

Two life-threatening side effects of succinylcholine

A

Hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia

65
Q

Drug for treating malignant hyperthermia associated with drug-drug interaction between halogenated anesthetics and depolarizing blocker

A

Dantrolene

66
Q

During Phase I depolarizing block this class of agents enhance muscle paralysis, but during Phase II block they may reverse muscle paralysis

A

Cholinesterase inhibitors

67
Q

Drug of choice for reversal of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockade

A

Neostigmine

68
Q

Who is ready for bed?

First Aid MSK, Skin and CT (6 decks)

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