Pathology 2

Question 1

Automimmune disorder, destruction of exocrine glands (lacrimal and salivary)

Answer 1

Sjogren

Question 2

Xerophthalmia

Answer 2

decreased tear causes subsequent corneal damage

Sjogren

Question 3

Xerostomia

Answer 3

decreased salivary production

Sjogren

Question 4

Anti-Ro and or Anti-La

Answer 4

Sjogren

Question 5

BL parotid enlargement

Answer 5

Sjogren

Question 6

Most common cause of gout

Answer 6

Underexcretion of uric acid

Question 7

Causes of increased uric acid

Answer 7

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, PRPP excess, increased cell turnover (tumor lysis), von Gierke Dx

Question 8

Crystals are needle shaped with negative birefringent (yellow under parallel light, blue - perpendicular)

Answer 8

Gout

Question 9

Tophus formation

Answer 9

Crystal aggregates surrounded by inflammation - external ear, olecranon bursa or achilles tendon associated with gout

Question 10

Podagra

Answer 10

swollen big toe (MTP joint) associated with gout

Question 11

lack of HGPRT

Answer 11

Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome

Question 12

Rhomboid crystals, weakly postive birefringent

blue in parallel

Answer 12

Pseudogout

Question 13

chondrocalcinosis on X-ray - usually in knee

Answer 13

calcium pyrophosphate crystals in joint space in pseudogout

Question 14

Migratory arthritis with an asymmetric pattern, joint is red, painful and swollen

Answer 14

gonococcal arthritis

Question 15

HLA-B27

Answer 15

Seronegative spondyloarthropathies: psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, IBD, reactive arthritis

Question 16

Dactylitis “sausage fingers” arthritis

Answer 16

Psoriatic arthritis

Question 17

“pencil-in-cup” deformity on X-ray

Answer 17

Psoriatic Arthritis

Question 18

Chronic inflammatory disease of spine and sacroiliac joint, uveitis, and aortic regurgitation

Answer 18

Anklyosing Spondylitis

Question 19

Bamboo spine

Answer 19

Anklyosing Spondylitis

Question 20

Conjunctivitis and anterior uveitis, Urethritis, Arthritis

Answer 20

Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Syndrome)

Question 21

Chlamydia Arthritis

Answer 21

Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Syndrome)
also with Shigella, Salmonella, Yersinia, Campylobacter

Question 22

Wart-like vegetations on both sides of heart valve

Answer 22

Libman-Sacks Endocarditis (SLE)

Question 23

Positive VDRL/RPR but not syphilis

Answer 23

SLE

Question 24

Nephritic Syndrome associated with SLE

Answer 24

Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (type III HS)

Question 25

Nephrotic Syndrome associated with SLE

Answer 25

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Question 26

Anti-dsDNA antibodies

Answer 26

Specific for SLE, poor prognosis (renal disease)

Question 27

Anti-Smith Antibodies

Answer 27

Specific for SLE, not prognostic (directed against snRNPs)

Question 28

Antihistone Antibodies

Answer 28

Sensitive for drug-induced lupus

Question 29

Anticardiolipin Antibodies

Answer 29

false positive on tests for syphilis, prolonged PTT, increased risk of AV thromboembolism

Question 30

Tx for SLE

Answer 30

NSAIDs, Steroids, Immunosuppressants, Hydroxychloroquine

Question 31

BL hilar adenopathy

Answer 31

Sarcoidosis

Question 32

Widespread noncaseating granulomas with elevated ACE levels

Answer 32

Sarcoidosis

Question 33

Tx of Sarcoidosis

Answer 33

Steroids

Question 34

Pain and Stiffness in shoulders and hips, fever, malaise and weight loss, associated with temporal (giant cell) arteritis

Answer 34

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 35

Tx of Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Answer 35

Low-dose corticosteroids

Question 36

Chronic widespread MSK pain assoc with stiffness, paresthesia, poor sleep and fatigue.

Answer 36

Fibromyalgia

Question 37

Tx of Fibromyalgia

Answer 37

Regular exercise, antidepressants and anticonvulsants

Question 38

Deletion of Dystrophin

Answer 38

Duchennes MD

Question 39

Mutation Dystrophin

Answer 39

Beckers MD

Question 40

Pinky and the

Answer 40

Brain Brain Brain Brain