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First Aid MSK, Skin and CT > Pathology 1 > Flashcards

Pathology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Failure of longitudinal bone growth (endochondral ossification) SHORT LIMBS

A

Achondroplasia

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2
Q

Constitutive activation of FGFR3

A

Inhibits chondrocyte formation, causing achondroplasia

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3
Q

DEXA Scan

A

determines bone mineral density

T score <-2.5 is osteoporosis

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4
Q

Trabecular (spongy) bone loss

A

Osteoporosis

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5
Q

Osteoporosis Type 1

A

Post-menopausal, increased bone resorption from decreased estrogen

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6
Q

Osteoporosis Type 2

A

senile Osteoporosis, affect men and women >70 years old

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7
Q

Prophylaxis for Osteoporosis

A

Regular Weight bearing exercise and adequate calcium and vitamin D

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8
Q

Femoral neck fz, distal radius (Colles) Fz

A

Type I Osteoporosis

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9
Q

Tx for Osteoporosis

A

Bisphosphonates, PTH, SERMs, denosumab (Mab against RANKL)

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10
Q

Marble Bone Disease

A

Osteopetrosis

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11
Q

Defective Osteoclasts, mutations in carbonic anhydrase II

A

Osteopetrosis

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12
Q

Thicken, dense bones prone to fracture

A

Osteopetrosis

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13
Q

Hyperactivity of osteoblasts

A

increase in ALP

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14
Q

Osteitis deformans

A

Paget disease of the bone, common localized disorder of bone remodeling caused by increase in both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity

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15
Q

Stages of Paget (bone) Disease

A

Lytic - osteoclast
Mixed - osteoclast + osteoblast
Sclerotic - Osteoblasts
Quiescent - minimal osteoblast/clast activity

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16
Q

Hat Size increased; hearing loss from auditory foramen narrowing

A

Osteitis deformans (paget disease)

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17
Q

Mosaic Pattern of woven and lamellar bone

A

Osteitis deformans (paget disease)

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18
Q

Most common site for avascular necrosis

A

Femoral head due to insufficiency of medial circumflex femoral artery

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19
Q

Long bone Chalk Stick fractures

A

Osteitis deformans (paget disease)

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20
Q

Bone disorder caused by oversupplementation or granulomatous disease like sarcoidosis

A

Hypervitaminosis D

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21
Q

“Brown tumors” due to fibrous replacement of bone, subperiosteal thinning

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica

22
Q

Bone pain, fever and leukocytosis. Lytic bone surrounded by sclerosis on X-ray

A

Osteomyelitis

23
Q

Epiphyseal end of long bones, “soap bubble” appearance on X-ray from multinucleated giant cells

A

Giant cell tumor

24
Q

Mature bone with cartilaginous cap, common benign tumor usually males <25y/o

A

Osteochondroma (exostosis)

25
Q

Codman Triangle

A

elevation of periosteum or sunburst pattern on X-ray

Osteosarcoma

26
Q

Primary malignant bone tumor on metaphysis of long bones (around knee)

A

Osteosarcoma

27
Q

Age distribution for oestosarcoma

A

10-20years for primary

>65y for secondary

28
Q

Tx for Osteosarcoma

A

Surgical en bloc resection with limb salvage and chemo

29
Q

Boys <15y/o in diaphysis of long bone

A

Ewing Sarcoma

30
Q

Anaplastic small blue cell malignant tumor of bone, onion skin appearance of bone

A

Ewing Sarcoma, derived from neuroectoderm

31
Q

t(11; 22)

A

Ewing Sarcoma

32
Q

Benign tumor of bone, most commonly arises on facial bones associated with Gardner Syndrome

33
Q

Bone Pain that resolves with ASA, bony mass with radiolucent (osteoid) core

A

Osteoid Osteoma

34
Q

> 2cm, arises in vertebrae, bone pain that persists with ASA

A

Osteoblastoma

35
Q

Expansile glistening mass within the medullary cavity, malignant

A

Chondrosarcoma

36
Q

Benign tumor of cartilage in medulla of small bones (hands and feet)

37
Q

Mechanical Wear and tear

A

Osteoarthritis

38
Q

Autoimmune inflammatory destruction of synovial joints

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

HS III and IV

39
Q

Pannus Formation of joint (MCP, PIP)

40
Q

Eburnation

A

polished, ivory-like appearance of bone associated with osetoarthritis

41
Q

Heberden nodes

A

DIP, osteoarthritis

42
Q

Bouchard Nodes

A

PIP, osteoarthritis

43
Q

Ulnar Deviation of Fingers

44
Q

More specific that anti-IgG Ab (Rheumatoid factor) for RA

A

anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody

45
Q

HLA-DR4

46
Q

Age, obesity, joint deformity, trauma

A

Osteoarthritis

47
Q

Morning stiffness lasting >30minutes and improving with use, symmetric joint involvement

48
Q

Pain at end of day

A

Osteoarthritis

49
Q

Boutonniere deformity

50
Q

And even when your hope is gone

A

Move along, move along just to make it through

First Aid MSK, Skin and CT (6 decks)

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