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First Aid MSK, Skin and CT > Anatomy & Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Epidermis Layers from Surface to Base

A

Stratum Corneum, Lucidum (anucleate cells), Granulosum, spinosum (spines are desmosomes), basale (stem cells) Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis

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2
Q

Location of hair shaft, sweat glands, sebaceous glands

A

Dermis

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3
Q

Tight Junctions

A

Zonula Occludens, prevents paracellular movement of solutes; composed of claudins and occludins

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4
Q

Adherens Junctions

A

Zona Adherens, below tight junction, forms “belt” connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells with Cadherins

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5
Q

Calcium-dependent adhesion proteins

A

Cadherins

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6
Q

macula adherens, structural support via keratin interactions

A

Desmosome

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7
Q

Autoantibodies to desmosome

A

Pemphigus Vulgaris

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8
Q

Membrane proteins that maintain integrity of basolateral membrane by binding to collagen and laminin in basement membrane

A

Integrins

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9
Q

Connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basment membrane

A

Hemidesmosome

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10
Q

Autoantibodies to Hemidesmosome

A

Bullous Pemphigoid

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11
Q

Anterior Drawer Test

A

ACL injury

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12
Q

Posterior Drawer Test

A

PCL injury

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13
Q

Abnormal Passive Abduction (Valgus Stress)

A

MCL Injury

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14
Q

Abnormal Passive Adduction (Varus Stress)

A

LCL injury

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15
Q

McMurray test

A

Pain on external rotation of tibia - medial meniscus

Pain on internal rotation of tibia - lateral meniscus

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16
Q

Unhappy Triad

A

ACL, MCL and medial meniscus

Most common contact sports injury due to lateral force applied on planted leg

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17
Q

ACL attachment on Tibia

A

Anterior

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18
Q

PCL attachment of Tibia

A

Posterior

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19
Q

Ischial Spine

A

Pudendal Nerve Block to relieve pain during delivery

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20
Q

McBurney Point

A

2/3 distance between umbilicus and ASIS just prox to ASIS

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21
Q

Iliac Crest

A

Lumbar Puncture

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22
Q

Suprascapular nerve

A

Supraspinatus and infraspinatus

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23
Q

Shoulder Muscles of Rotator Cuff

A

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

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24
Q

Medially rotates and adducts arm

A

subscapularis (subscapular nerve)

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25
Q

Laterally rotates and adducts arm

A

Teres Minor (axillary nerve)

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26
Q

Laterally rotates arm, pitching injury

A

Infraspinatus

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27
Q

Initially Abducts arm; most common rotator cuff injury

A

Supraspinatus

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28
Q

Wrist bones Starting thumb side

A

Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, pisiform

Trapezium Trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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29
Q

Palpated in Anatomical Snuff Box

A

Scaphoid

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30
Q

Most commonly fractured carpal bone and is prone to avascular necrosis owing to retrograde blood supply

A

Scaphoid

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31
Q

Lunate Dislocation

A

Acute Carpal tunnel syndrome

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32
Q

Wrist bone damage when falls on outstretched hand

A

Hook of hamate, can cause ulnar nerve injury

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33
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

entrapment of median nerve

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34
Q

Guyon Canal Syndorme

A

Compression of the ulnar nerve at wrist or hand

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35
Q

Tear in C5-6, upper trunk - lateral traction on neck during during delivery

A

Erb Palsy

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36
Q

Muscles affected in Erb Palsy

A

Deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii

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37
Q

Traction or tear in lower trunk, C8-T1

A

Klumpke Palsy

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38
Q

Pulling infant out with their arm

Adults trying to catch themself from falling from a tree

A

Klumpke Palsy

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39
Q

Total Claw Hand

A

Klumpke Palsy

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40
Q

Muscle affected in Klumpke Palsy

A

lumbricals, interossei, thenar and hypothenar

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41
Q

Winged Scapula

A

Lesion of Long thoracic nerve, axillary node dissection after mastectomy, stab wounds

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42
Q

Muscle affected in Winged scapula

A

Serratus Anterior

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43
Q

Fractured surgical neck of humerus

A

Axillary nerve damage C5-6

44
Q

Anterior dislocation of humerus

A

Axillary nerve damage C5-6

45
Q

Loss of arm abduction at should >15 degrees, loss of deltoid sensation and lateral arm

A

Axillary nerve damage C5-6

46
Q

Upper trunk compression

A

Muscutaneous nerve damage C5-7

47
Q

Loss of forearm flexion and supination

A

Muscutaneous nerve damage C5-7

48
Q

Midshaft fracture of humerus

A

Radial Nerve Damage C5-T1

49
Q

Saturday Night Palsy

A

Radial Nerve Damage C5-T1

50
Q

Wrist Drop

A

Loss of elbow, wrist, and finger extension

Radial Nerve Damage C5-T1

51
Q

Loss of sensation over posterior arm/forearm and dorsal hand

A

Radial Nerve Damage C5-T1

52
Q

Supracondylar Fracture of Humerus

A

Median Nerve Damage C5-T1

53
Q

Ape Hand and Pope’s blessing

A

Median Nerve Damage C5-T1

54
Q

Loss of wrist and lateral finger flexion, thumb opposition, lumbricals of 2nd and 3rd digits

A

Median Nerve Damage C5-T1

55
Q

Loss of sensation of thenar eminence and dorsal and palmar aspects of lateral 3 1/2 finers with proximal lesion

A

Median Nerve Damage C5-T1

56
Q

Tinel Sign

A

Tingling on percussion in carpal tunnel syndrome

Median Nerve Damage C5-T1

57
Q

Fracture of Medial epicondyle of humerus “funny bone”

A

Proximal lesion of Ulnar nerve (C8-T1)

58
Q

Fracture of Hook of Hamate

A

Distal lesion of Ulnar nerve

59
Q

Radial deviation of wrist upon flexion

A

Proximal lesion of Ulnar nerve (medial epicondyle Fz)

60
Q

Loss of Abduction and Adduction of fingers

A

Interossei (ulnar nerve damage) medial 2 lumbrical muscles

61
Q

Superficial Laceration of Palm

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C5-T1)

62
Q

Loss of opposition, abduction and flexion of thumb

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve (C5-T1)

63
Q

Clawing

A

Seen more in distal lesions of median or ulnar nerves

64
Q

Can’t extend pinky and ring fingers at rest

A

Distal Ulnar nerve “ulnar claw)

65
Q

When making a fist, pinky and ring finger go down

A

Proximal Median nerve “pope’s blessing”

66
Q

Can’t extend pointer of middle finger at rets

A

Distal median nerve “median claw”

67
Q

When making a fist, can’t put down pinky or ring finger

Digits 1-3 can flex

A

Proximal Ulnar nerve damage

68
Q

Hand muscles (thenar) supplied by median nerve

A

Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis

69
Q

Hand Muscles (hypothenar) supplied by ulnar nerve

A

opponens digitis minimi, abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis

70
Q

Interosseous muscles dorsal and palmar

A

DAB, PAD

dorsal abduct; palmar adduct

71
Q

Lumbrical muscles

A

flex at MCP joint, extend and PIP and DIP joints

72
Q

Decreased thigh sensation (medial) and decreased adduction

A

Obturator Nerve (L2-L4) damage - see in pelvic Sx

73
Q

Decreased thigh flexion and leg extension

A

Femoral Nerve (L2-L4) damage - see in Pelvic Fz

74
Q

Foot Drop, inverted and plantarflexed at rest

A

Common peroneal damage (L4-S2)

75
Q

Steppage Gait

A

Common peroneal damage (L4-S2)

76
Q

Loss of sensation on Dorsum of foot

A

Common peroneal damage (L4-S2)

77
Q

Trauma or compressionof lateral aspect of leg, fibular neck fracture

A

Common peroneal damage (L4-S2)

78
Q

Inability to curl toes and loss of sensation on sole of foot

A

Tibial nerve damage (L4-S3)

79
Q

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Distal lesion of Tibial Nerve (L4-S3)

80
Q

Proximal Lesion of Tibial nerve

A

Baker Cyst, loss of inversion and plantarflexion

81
Q

Posterior Hip Dislocation, polio

A

Superior Gluteal nerve Damage (L4-S1)

82
Q

Trendelenberg sign

A

Superior Gluteal nerve Damage (L4-S1)

lesion is CL to the side of hip that drops, IL side on foot patient stands on (glut medius and minimus)

83
Q

Posterior Hip Dislocation (not polio)

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Damage (L5-S2)

84
Q

Difficultly climbing stairs and rising from a seated position due to loss of hip extension

A

Inferior Gluteal Nerve Damage (L5-S2) (gluteus maximus)

85
Q

Posterior Thigh, splits into common peroneal and tibial nerves

A

Sciatic Nerve (L4-S3)

86
Q

TIP

A

Tibial Inverts and Plantarflexes; if injured can’t stand on TIPtoes

87
Q

PED

A

Peroneal Everts and Dorsiflexes; if injured, foot dropPED

88
Q

Axilla/Lateral Thorax

A

Long Thoracic Nerve and Lateral Thoracic Artery

89
Q

Surgical Neck of Humerus

A

Axillary nerve and Posterior Circumflex Artery

90
Q

Midshaft of Humerus

A

Radial Nerve and Deep Brachial Artery

91
Q

Distal Humerus/Cubital Fossa

A

Median Nerve and Brachial Artery

92
Q

Popliteal Fossa

A

Tibial Nerve and Popliteal Artery

93
Q

Posterior to Medial Malleolus

A

Tibial Nerve and Posterior Tibial Artery

94
Q

Type 1 Muscle Fiber

A

1 Slow Red Ox

Slow twitch, red fibers (increased mitochondria), oxidative phosphorylation (sustained contraction)

95
Q

Type 2 Muscle Fiber

A

Fast Twitch, white fibers, anaerobic glycolysis, weight training increases these

96
Q

Smooth Muscle Calcium Channels

A

L-type VGC

97
Q

Calcium calmodulin complex

A

Smooth muscle contraction

98
Q

Myosin-light chain kinase

A

Smooth Muscle contraction

99
Q

Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase

A

Smooth Muscle relaxation

100
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Bone of axial skeleton, base of skull

Cartilaginous model of bone is 1st made by chondrocytes

101
Q

Membranous ossification

A

Bones of Calvarium and facial bones, woven bone made without cartilage

102
Q

Osteoblast

A

Build Bone, differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells in periosteum

103
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Multinucleated cells that dissolve bone by secreting acids and collagenases. differentiate from monocytes/macrophages

104
Q

Low levels of PTH

A

anabolic effects (building bone)

105
Q

Chronic high PTH levels

A

Primary hyperPTH, cause catabolic effects like osteitis fibrosa cystica

106
Q

Estrogen

A

inhibits apoptosis in bone-forming osteoblasts and induces apoptosis in bone-resorbing osteoclasts

107
Q

Basic bitch favorite coffee place?

First Aid MSK, Skin and CT (6 decks)

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