pharmacology

Question 1

Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription

Answer 1

over- the counter drug

Question 2

drugs that can be only obtained through a vet or via prescription

Answer 2

prescription drug

Question 3

The law that allows extra-label use of drugs under certain conditions

Answer 3

Animal Medicine

Question 4

agency that ensures that approved veterinary medicines are relatively safe for animals

Answer 4

FDA’s CVM

Question 5

drugs used in a manner not specifically described on the FDA-approved label

Answer 5

extra-label drug

Question 6

3 major public health concerns of illegal drug residues with food animals

Answer 6

Antimicrobial drug resistance, hypersensitivity reactions and mutagenicity.

Question 7

What are the 5 rights? describe them.

Answer 7

Right patient- identify that you are giving the medication to the correct patient through collar tags, medical records, cage cards, descriptions, etc.

Right drug- do you have the correct ordered drug? prednisone vs prednisolone for example.

Right dose- was the dose correctly calculated to what was ordered?

Right time- is it being given at the correct interval? Are there special considerations, such as giving on an empty stomach.

Right route- identify what route the drug is to be given and make sure to give it that way ( SQ, IV, PO, etc.)

Question 8

Controlled substances with no accepted medical use are classified as

Answer 8

Schedule I

Question 9

A drug that has a margin of safety of 75 is

Answer 9

safer than a drug whose margin of safety is 5

Question 10

ED50 and LD50 and their significance on the therapeutic index.

Answer 10

ED50- A dose can be called effective only if the amount of test drug causes a defined effect in 50 percent of animals that receive it.

LD50- in addition to finding a drug’s effective dose researchers must also determine the lethal dose. The lethal dose is the dose of test drug that kills 50 percent of the animals that receive it.

The therapeutic index is the relationship between the lethal drug dosage and the dosage that produces the desired effect with minimal or no sign of toxicity. This volume is determined by comparing the drug’s LD50 and its ED50.

Question 11

IC

Answer 11

Into the heart

Question 12

IV

Answer 12

into the vein

Question 13

IT

Answer 13

into the trachea

Question 14

IM

Answer 14

into the muscles

Question 15

SQ

Answer 15

beneath the skin

Question 16

Which drug form melts at body temperature?

Answer 16

Ointment

Question 17

A 16 lb dog comes for examination. How much does this dog weight in kg?
lb divided 2.2

Answer 17

7.27 kg

Question 18

An owner in for advice. They have a prescription to administer 15mL by mouth once daily, but they lost their syringe. What household item can they use to measure 15mL?

Answer 18

tbs

Question 19

List 4 potential causes for drug toxicity.

Answer 19

outright overdose, relative overdose, adverse effects, and accidental exposure.

Question 20

What is Pharmacology?

Answer 20

The study of drugs

Question 21

Major concerns in Pharmacology include:

Answer 21

absorption, distribution, and excretion of the drug.

Question 22

What is Pharmaceuticals:

Answer 22

preparation, and production of drugs

Question 23

Sources of drugs:

Answer 23

Biological, Minerals, chemically modified, and genetically engineered/ synthetic.

Question 24

Biological:

Answer 24

plants (atropine), bacteria (antibiotics like penicillin), fungi, animals (insulin).

Question 25

Minerals and chemicals:

Answer 25

(calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium chloride, electrolytes)

Question 26

Chemically:

Answer 26

modified material from biotical sources

Question 27

Genetically engineered/ synthetic:

Answer 27

Aspirin, steroids, procaine.

Question 28

OTC:

Answer 28

Over the counter

Question 29

VCPR:

Answer 29

Veterinarian Client Patient Relationship

Question 30

gram=

Answer 30

65

Question 31

The veterinary technician plays an important role in the veterinary pharmacy and is typically responsible for:

Answer 31

inventory control, drug administration, patient monitoring, and client communication.

Question 32

Controlled substances:

Answer 32

are a group of prescription drugs that have the potential for addiction and abuse by humans.

Question 33

absorption:

Answer 33

is the movement of drug from the site of administration.

Question 34

distribution:

Answer 34

is the movement of an absorbed drug from blood to various tissues of the body.

Question 35

Elimination:

Answer 35

is the removal of a drug from the body. Routes available for drug elimination include urine, bile, feces, expired air, milk, sweat, saliva, and tears.

Question 36

Passive diffusion

Answer 36

The movement of molecules or particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 37

Pinocytosis

Answer 37

occurs when the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs liquid particles

Question 38

Active transport

Answer 38

Use of a carrier and energy to move drug molecules against the concentration gradient

Question 39

Phagocytosis

Answer 39

occurs when the cell membrane surrounds and engulfs solid particles

Question 40

Most drugs are eliminated by the and removed via execration in the

Answer 40

kidneys Urine

Question 41

5 patient factors that affect drug

Answer 41

weight, Age, animal behavior, food and other health issues

Question 42

Which of the following are routes of elimination of drug or metabolite from the body?

Answer 42

kidney, saliva, biliary, milk and lung

Question 43

Antagonist

Answer 43

a substance that counteracts or blocks the effects of another substance, often a drug or hormone.

Question 44

Cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine are antacids that

Answer 44

block the H2 receptors of stomach cells to prevent excessive stomach acid secretion.

Question 45

What is another name for nonproprietary name?

Answer 45

genetic name

Question 46

Translate the following: 3tabs, PO TID x 4 days

Answer 46

3 tablets, by mouth 3times a day (every 8 hour) for 4 days

Question 47

For the previous question " 3tab PO TID x 4 days" how many tablets would be dispensed to the client?

Answer 47

36

Question 48

Why do we need to use caution when administering drugs to cats

Answer 48

They lack the enzyme glucuronyl transverse which aids the metabolism of many drugs

Question 49

Membrane permeability

Answer 49

Fenestrations within the capillaries that allow the passage of molecules

Question 50

Tissue perfusion

Answer 50

Blood supply to an area of body systems

Question 51

Volume distribution

Answer 51

An indication of how a drug is moved through the body

Question 52

Protein binding

Answer 52

A drug attaching to plasma proteins, such as albumin.

Question 53

When the blood concentration of a drug reaches a plateau where the peak and lowest concentrations are the same after repeated doses is known as what?

Answer 53

Steady- state concentration

Question 54

pharmacokinetics

Answer 54

Study of physiological movement of drugs within the body

Question 55

pharmacodynamics

Answer 55

Study of the mechanisms of drugs action and interactions between drugs and living systems

Question 56

requirements for prescription labels

Answer 56

Name and address and telephone number of dispenser, client name, animals name and species, drug name active ingredient strength, date of order, directions, refill information and withdrawal.

Question 57

Some drugs better fit their receptors sites, and are more biologically active. The measure of the strength with which a drug binds to its receptors is known as?

Answer 57

Affinity

Question 58

Based on blood perfusion, which body compartment will get adequate drug levels more quickly?

Answer 58

Skeletal muscle

Question 59

In general, highly protein-bound drugs

Answer 59

are unavailable to distribute to tissues