Musculoskeletal Diseases Flashcards
EXAM
What is the difference between an “open” and “closed” fracture
With a closed or simple fracture the bone is fractured, but there is no skin wound
With an open or compound fracture, the bone is broken and there is a break or wound in the skin in the same area.
Describe 3 methods of internal fracture repair.
Intramedullary Pinning and K-wires - a pin put into the bone to keep the fractured ends stable. A Steinmann pin is an intramedullary pin used in orthopedics.
Cerclage Wire - a wire wrapped around the fracture to support the pin and prevent movement along the fractured area. Is often used to hold fractured bone chips, etc. in place.
Bone plating - plates and screws placed in the bone to hold its shape as it heals.
What are the differences between the Mason splint, Thomas splint and Spica splint? Which fractures are amenable to splinting? Which fractures are not amenable to splinting?
A Mason splint is a premade hemi splint for splinting injuries distal to the hock or elbow.
A Thomas splint is constructed from an aluminum rod, bent to conform to an individual patient’s needs.
Spica splint is a splint made from plaster of Paris or Hexcelite material to conform to the individual’s limb.
Distal fractures (distal to the hock or elbow) are amenable to splinting. Proximal fractures (humerus or femur) are NOT amenable to splinting.
What is the difference between a Robert Jones bandage and Modified Robert Jones?
Robert Jones: A heavily padded cotton bandage and used on distal injuries only.
modified Robert jones: less padding and placed over wound.
What test on physical exam is positive for dogs with a cranial cruciate injury?
A “drawer sign” – The tibia slides forward with respect to the femur, abnormally.
What breeds are prone to congenital patella luxation?
Toy breed dogs like Yorkshire terriers and Chihuahuas
How is hip dysplasia diagnosed?
Hip radiographs show hip dysplasia. For breeding purposes dogs are screened with either OFA films or PennHip films.
How is Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease treated?
Femoral head ostectomy (FHO) surgery, followed by physical therapy
What is an OCD lesion?
An OCD lesion refers to a specific area of cartilage at the end of a bones where inflammation has caused the cartilage to separate from the bone.
(Osteochondrosis Dissecans)
At what age are dogs prone to panosteitis?
Less than 1 year of age
What are some treatment options for DJD (arthritis)?
Weight control, pain control, joint supplements, physical therapy, laser therapy, hydrotherapy, acupuncture, stem cell therapy
What are some types of myopathies?
Inflammatory myopathies (bacterial, protozoal), immune mediated or acquired myopathies
What is the most common type of bone cancer in dogs?
Osteosarcoma
The most common cause of acute hind limb lameness in dogs
Cranial cruciate ligament rupture
Hereditary disease that is more likely to effect large breed dogs
Hip dysplasia
Small breed dog disease caused by shallow femoral groove
Medial luxating patella
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head and neck in small breed dogs
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Acquired disease of young, large breed dogs that causes shifting leg lameness
Eosinophilic panosteitis
Prevention of laminitis is key. What is a clinical sign to monitor in at risk patients?
Digital pulse
A fragmented coronoid process is part of which disease?
Elbow dysplasia
Laminitis can result in shifting of which bone of the distal equine limb?
Coffin
Treatment of OCD of the humeral head involves:
Removing the cartilage flap or joint mouse
In navicular disease, what puts extra stress on the navicular bone and bursa?
Deep digital flexor tendon
What is the most common cause of osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease
