Pharmacology

Question 1

Mechanism of Action of Allopurinol

Answer 1

Xanthine oxidase inhibitor

(Urate lowering therapy)

Question 2

Dose of Allopurinol

Answer 2

100mg OD to start with and titrated every 2-3 weeks depending on Urate levels

Question 3

Adverse reactions from Allopurinol

Answer 3

SKIN:
- Adverse cutaneous reaction (HLA-B *5801)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
-

Question 4

Interactions of Allopurinol

Answer 4

1) Azathioprine - Use quarter of dose if use of allo cannot be avoided

2) Cyclophosphamide - Reduces renal clearance

3) Theophylline - Increases plasma conc

Question 5

Drug causes of SIADH

Answer 5

Carbamazepine
SSRI
Tricyclics
Sulphonylureas (Gliclzide, Glibenclamide, Glimepride)

Question 6

Common side effect of ticagrelor

Answer 6

Dyspnoea

-Switch patient to clopidogrel

Question 7

Drugs that cause Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 7

Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Cytoxic agents
Argot derived dopamine recepetor AGONISTS - Bromocriptine, Cabergoline

Question 8

Mechanism of action of ciclosporin

Answer 8

Prevents T-cell proliferation by:
- Cyclosporin binds to cyclophillin
- This inhibits Calcineurin (Phosphatase)
- Reduces IL-2 release

Question 9

Adverse effects of Ciclosporin (11)

Answer 9

1) Nephrotixicity
2) Hepatotoxicity
3) Hypertension
4) Hyperlipidaemia
5) Hyperkalaemia
6)Hypetrichosis
7)Fluid retention
8) Increased susceptibility to infections
9) Gingival hyperplasia
10) Tremor
11) Impaired glucose tolerance

Question 10

What is hypertrichosis and what causes it

Answer 10

Excessive hair growth often seen as an aderve effect of ciclosporin use

Question 11

Indications for ciclosprin use (POUR)

Answer 11

P - Psoriases
O - Organ transplanttion - Alloenic grafts in Haem
U - Ulcerative Colitis
R - Rheumatoid arthritis
Pure red cell aplasia

Question 12

What recepetor type does levothyroxine work on

Answer 12

Nuclear receptors