Emergencies

Question 1

4 H’s to consider during Cardiac Arrest

Answer 1

Hypovolaemia
Hypokalaemia, HypoMagnasaemia, Hypoglycaemia, Hyponatraemia
Hypothermia
Hypoxia

Question 2

4T’s to consider during Cardiac arrest

Answer 2

Thrombosis
Toxins
Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade

Question 3

How long should CPR continue for a patient who is being thrombolysed for suspected PE as the cause of Cardiac Arrest

Answer 3

60-90 minutes

Question 4

What are the shockable rhythms in Cardiac arrest

Answer 4

VF
Pulseles VT
Polymorphic VT (Pulseless)

Question 5

What is the first line management in a monitored patient who goes into a shockable rhythm

Answer 5

Stacked shocks - 3 successive shocks prior to CPR commencing

2nd line - 1mg Adrenaline after 3 shocks and 300mg Amiodarone after 3 shocks

3rd - Furthe 150mg Amiodarone after 5 shocks

Continue with 1mg adrenaline every 3 minutes

Question 6

First line management of a non-shockable rhythm

Answer 6

1mg adrenaline stat, followed by CPR and repeat adrenaline boluses every 3-5 minutes

Question 7

Signs of Hypothermia

Answer 7

ECG Changes:
1) J waves - Amplitude can coincide with severity
2) QT prolongation - Increased risk of Torsades
3) First degree Hear block (Prolonged PR interval) (Could be any type of heart block)

Bradycardia