Pharmacology Flashcards
Name adrenoceptor antagonist with one example each?
Alpha antagonists
alpha-1: doxazosin
alpha-1a: tamsulosin - acts mainly on urogenital tract
alpha-2: yohimbine
non-selective: phenoxybenzamine (previously used in peripheral arterial disease)
Beta antagonists
beta-1: atenolol
non-selective: propranolol
Carvedilol and labetalol are mixed alpha and beta antagonists
What exacerbates psoriasis?
Trauma
Alcohol
Drugs: beta blockers, lithium, antimalarials (chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine), NSAIDs and ACE inhibitors, infliximab
withdrawal of systemic steroids
Streptococcal infection may trigger guttate psoriasis.
Middle-aged homeless man presenting with symptoms such as drowsiness and blurred vision, coupled with a history of antifreeze ingestion, treatment??
METHANOL POISONING
-Fomepizole - used in ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning - competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase
-haemodialysis
-cofactor therapy with folinic acid to reduce ophthalmological complications
How do you take oral bisphosphonates/aldronate?
‘Tablets should be swallowed whole with plenty of water while sitting or standing; to be given on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before breakfast (or another oral medication); patient should stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes after taking tablet’
Pt gaining weight..
She takes nifedipine, atorvastatin, aspirin, senna, levothyroxine and ferrous sulphate. Why?
Iron / calcium carbonate tablets can reduce the absorption of levothyroxine - should be given 4 hours apart
MOA of fenofibrates??
Activation of PPAR alpha receptors resulting in an increase in LPL activity reducing triglyceride levels
What drugs cause failure of contraceptive medication??
INDUCERS OF CYT P450:
Antiepileptics: Phenytoin, Carbamazepine
Barbiturates: Phenobarbitone
Rifampicin
St John’s Wort
Chronic alcohol intake
Griseofulvin
Smoking (affects CYP1A2, reason why smokers require more aminophylline)
Which drugs increase the toxicity of other drugs??
INHIBITORS OF CYT P450:
Antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin
Isoniazid
Cimetidine,
Omeprazole
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Imidazoles: Ketoconazole, Fluconazole
SSRIs: Fluoxetine, Sertraline
Ritonavir
Sodium valproate
Acute alcohol intake
Quinupristin
Drugs undergoing first pass metabolism??
(NIL By Mouth Till V SAY)
-Nitrates
-Isoprenaline/Imipramine
-Lignocaine
-BB
-Morphine
-Testosterone
-Verapamil
-Salbutamol
-Aspirin
-hYdrocortisone
Zero order kinetics??
{Zero
WATT Power}
Warfarin
Alcohol, Aspirin
Theophylline, Tolbutamide
Phenytoin
Phase 1 and Phase 2 reactions?
Phase 1:
(HydRO)
Hydrplysis
Reduction
Oxidation
Phase 2:
GAMeS
Glucoronidation
Acetylation
Methylation
Sulfation
What are the drugs that are affected by acetylator status??
(50% pf UK population lack hepatic N-acetyltransferase)
{acetyl DIPSH}
-Dapsone
-Isoniazid
-Procainamide
-Sulfasalazine
-Hydralazine
What should be given prior to the chemo to prevent tumor lysis syndrome?
RASBURICASE:
Rasburicase is a recombinant urate-oxidase enzyme that catalyses the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, which is more soluble and easily excreted by the kidneys. It is given prior to chemotherapy in patients with a high risk of tumour lysis syndrome (TLS), such as those with Burkitt’s lymphoma, to reduce the risk of acute renal failure due to uric acid precipitation.
