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1 - MSRA > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

P450 inducers

A

Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Barbiturates (phenobarbitone)
Rifampicin
St John’s Wort
Chronic alcohol intake
Griseofulvin
Smoking

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2
Q

P450 inhibitors

A

Ciprofloxacin
Erythromycin
Isoniazid
Cimetidine
Omeprazole
Amiodarone
Allopurinol
Ketoconazole, fluconazole
Fluoxetine, sertraline
Ritonavir
Sodium valproate
Acute alcohol intake
Quinupristin

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3
Q

Side effects of rifampicin

A
  • Hepatitis
  • Orange secretions
  • Flu like symptoms
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4
Q

Side effects of isoniazid

A
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Hepatitis
  • Agranulocytosis
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5
Q

Side effects of pyrazinamide

A
  • Hyperuricaemia causing gout
  • Arthralgia
  • Myalgia
  • Hepatitis
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6
Q

Side effects of ethambutol

A
  • Optic neuritis
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7
Q

Side effects of amoxicllin

A

Rash with infectious mononucleosis

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8
Q

Side effects of co-amox

A

Cholestasis

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9
Q

Side effects of flucloxacillin

A

Cholestasis

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10
Q

Side effects of erythromycin

A
  • GI upset
  • Prolonged QT interval
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11
Q

Side effects of ciprofloxacin

A
  • Lower seizure threshold
  • Tendonitis
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12
Q

Side effect of metronidazole

A
  • Reaction following alcohol ingestion
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13
Q

Side effect of doxycycline

A
  • Photosensitivity
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14
Q

Side effect of trimethoprim

A
  • Rashes, including photosensitivity
  • Pruritis
  • Suppression of haematopoiesis
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15
Q

Criteria for liver transplant in paracetamol overdose

A
  • Arterial pH <7.3 24 hours after ingestion

or all of:
- Prothrombin time >100 seconds
- Creatinine >300umol/L
- Grade III or IV encepahlopathy

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16
Q

Monitoring requirements for statins

A

LFTs at baseline, 3 months and 12 months

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17
Q

Monitoring requirements for ACEi

A

U&E prior to treatment, after increasing dose, and at least annual

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18
Q

Monitoring requirements for amiodarone

A

TFT, LFT, U&E and CXR prior to treatment
TFT, LFT every 6 months

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19
Q

Monitoring requirements for methotrexate

A

FBC, U&E, and LFTs before starting treatment, and repeated weekly until therapy stabilised, thereafter monitored 2-3 monthly

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20
Q

Monitoring requirements for azathioprine

A

FBC and LFT before treatment
FBC weekly for first 4 weeks
FBC and LFT every 3 months

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21
Q

Monitoring requirements for lithium

A

TFT and U&E prior to treatment
Lithium levels weekly until stabilised then every 3 months
TFT and U&E every 6 months

22
Q

Monitoring requirements for sodium valproate

A

LFT and FBC before treatment
LFT periodically during first 6 months

23
Q

Monitoring requirements for glitazones

A

LFT before treatment and regularly during treatment

24
Q

Indications for verapamil

A
  • Angina
  • Hypertension
  • Arrhythmias
25
Q

Verapamil shouldn’t be given with … and why

A

Beta blockers
May cause heart block

26
Q

Side effects of verapamil

A
  • Exaceberbation of heart failure
  • Constipation
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Flushing
27
Q

Indications for diltiazem

A
  • Angina
  • Hypertension
28
Q

Side effects of diltiazem

A
  • Hypotension
  • Bradycardia
  • Exacerbation of heart failure
  • Ankle swelling
29
Q

Indication for dihydropyridine CCBs (nifedipine, amlodipine, felodipine)

A
  • Hypertension
  • Angina
  • Raynaud’s
30
Q

Dihydropyridine vs diltiazem vs verapamil

A

Verapamil most negatively inotropic, diltiazem less than verapamil but still need caution.

Dihydropyridine affects peripheral vascular smooth muscle more than myocardium, so ok in heart failure but can cause ankle swelling

31
Q

Side effects of dihydropyridine CCBs

A
  • Flushing
  • Headache
  • Ankle swelling
32
Q

Precipitants of digoxin toxicity

A
  • Hypokalaemia
  • Increasing age
  • Renal failure
  • Myocardial ischaemia
  • Hypomagnesaemia, hypercalcaemia, hypernatraemia, acidosis
  • Hypoalbuminaemia
  • Hypothermia
  • Hypothyroidism
  • Drugs
33
Q

Drugs precipitating digoxin toxicity

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Quinidine
  • Verapamil
  • Diltiazem
  • Spironolactone
  • Ciclosporin
34
Q

Paracetamol overdose management

A
  • Activated charcoal if <1 hourb ago
  • NAC
  • Liver transplant
35
Q

Salicylate poisoning management

A
  • Urinary alkalinsation
  • Haemodialysis
36
Q

Opiate overdose management

A

Naloxone

37
Q

Benzodiazepine overdose management

A

Flumanezil

Usually only used in severe or iatrogenic overdises due to risk of seizures

38
Q

TCA overdose management

A
  • IV bicarbonate
39
Q

Lithium overdose management

A
  • Mild-moderate toxicity may respond to volume resuscitation
  • Haemodialysis in severe
  • Sodium bicarb sometimes used
40
Q

Warfarin overdose management

A
  • Vitamin K
  • Prothrombin complex
41
Q

Heparin overdose management

A

Protamine sulphate

42
Q

Beta blocker overdose management

A
  • Atropine if bradycardic
  • Glucagon in resistant cases
43
Q

Ethylene glycol poisioning management

A
  • Fomepizole
  • Haemodialysis in refractory cases

Ethanol previously used

44
Q

Methanol poisioning management

A
  • Fomepizole or ethanol
  • Haemodialysis
45
Q

Organophosphate poisioning management

A
  • Atropine
  • ?Pralidoxime
46
Q

Digoxin overdose management

A

Digoxin-specific antibody fragments

47
Q

Iron overdose management

A
  • Desferrioxamine
48
Q

Lead poisioning management

A
  • Dimercaprol
  • Calcium edetate
49
Q

Carbon monoxide poisoning management

A
  • 100% oxygen
  • Hyperbaric oxygen
50
Q

Cyanide poisioning management

A
  • Hydroxycobalamin
  • Combination of amyl nitrate, sodium nitrate, and sodium thiosulfateR
51
Q
A

1 - MSRA (17 decks)

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