Neurology Flashcards
Receptive aphasia aka..
Wernicke’s aphasia
Area of lesion in Wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia
Superior temporal gyrus
Blood supply to superior temporal gyrus
Inferior division of left MCA
Presentation of Wernicke’s aphasia
Sentences that make no sense, word substitution, and neologisms, but speech remains fluent - ‘word salad’
Comprehesion is impaired
Expressive aphasia aka…
Broca’s aphasia
Area of lesion in Broca’s aphasia
Inferior frontal gyrus
Blood supply to inferior frontal gyrus
Superior division of left MCA
Presentation of Broca’s aphasia
Speech non-fluent, laboured, halting
Repetition is impaired
Comprehension normal
Area of lesion in conduction aphasia
Arcuate fasiculus (connection between Wernicke’s and Broca’s area)
Presentation of conduction aphasia
Speech fluent but repetition poor, aware of errors
Comprehension normal
Location of lesion in global aphasia
Large lesion affecting all 3 areas (superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, arcuate fasiculus)
When should anti-epileptics be started following first seizure
- Neurological deficit
- Brain imaging shows structural abnormality
- EEG shows unequivocal epileptic activity
- Patient or their family/carers considers risk of having further seizure unacceptable
First line treatment generalised tonic-clonic seizures
Men - sodium valproate
Females - lamotrigine or levetiracetam
First line treatment focal seizures
Lamotrigine or levetiracetam
Second line treatment focal seizures
Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide
First line treatment absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Second line treatment absence seizures
Male - sodium valproate
Female - lamotrigine or levetiracetam
Effect of carbamazepine in absence seizures
May exacerbate
First line treatment myoclonic seizures
Male - sodium valproate
Females - levetiracetam
First line treatment tonic or atonic seizures
Male - sodium valproate
Female - lamotrigine
CN I aka
Olfactory nerve
CN I function
Smell
CN II aka
Optic nerve
CN II function
Sight