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1 - MSRA > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Receptive aphasia aka..

A

Wernicke’s aphasia

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2
Q

Area of lesion in Wernicke’s (receptive) aphasia

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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3
Q

Blood supply to superior temporal gyrus

A

Inferior division of left MCA

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4
Q

Presentation of Wernicke’s aphasia

A

Sentences that make no sense, word substitution, and neologisms, but speech remains fluent - ‘word salad’

Comprehesion is impaired

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5
Q

Expressive aphasia aka…

A

Broca’s aphasia

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6
Q

Area of lesion in Broca’s aphasia

A

Inferior frontal gyrus

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7
Q

Blood supply to inferior frontal gyrus

A

Superior division of left MCA

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8
Q

Presentation of Broca’s aphasia

A

Speech non-fluent, laboured, halting
Repetition is impaired

Comprehension normal

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9
Q

Area of lesion in conduction aphasia

A

Arcuate fasiculus (connection between Wernicke’s and Broca’s area)

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10
Q

Presentation of conduction aphasia

A

Speech fluent but repetition poor, aware of errors

Comprehension normal

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11
Q

Location of lesion in global aphasia

A

Large lesion affecting all 3 areas (superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, arcuate fasiculus)

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12
Q

When should anti-epileptics be started following first seizure

A
  • Neurological deficit
  • Brain imaging shows structural abnormality
  • EEG shows unequivocal epileptic activity
  • Patient or their family/carers considers risk of having further seizure unacceptable
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13
Q

First line treatment generalised tonic-clonic seizures

A

Men - sodium valproate
Females - lamotrigine or levetiracetam

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14
Q

First line treatment focal seizures

A

Lamotrigine or levetiracetam

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15
Q

Second line treatment focal seizures

A

Carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, zonisamide

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16
Q

First line treatment absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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17
Q

Second line treatment absence seizures

A

Male - sodium valproate
Female - lamotrigine or levetiracetam

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18
Q

Effect of carbamazepine in absence seizures

A

May exacerbate

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19
Q

First line treatment myoclonic seizures

A

Male - sodium valproate
Females - levetiracetam

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20
Q

First line treatment tonic or atonic seizures

A

Male - sodium valproate
Female - lamotrigine

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21
Q

CN I aka

A

Olfactory nerve

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22
Q

CN I function

A

Smell

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23
Q

CN II aka

A

Optic nerve

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24
Q

CN II function

A

Sight

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25
Q

CN III aka

A

Oculomotor nerve

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26
Q

CN III function

A
  • Eye movement - medial rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus
  • Pupil constriction
  • Accommodation
  • Eyelid opening
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27
Q

CN III palsy presentation

A
  • Ptosis
  • ‘Down and out’ eye
  • Dilated, fixed pupil
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28
Q

CN IV aka

A

Trochlear

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29
Q

CN IV function

A

Eye movement - superior oblique

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30
Q

CN IV palsy presentation

A

Defective downward gaze → vertical diplopia

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31
Q

CN V aka

A

Trigeminal

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32
Q

CN V function

A
  • Facial sensation
  • Mastication
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33
Q

CN V lesion presentation

A
  • Trigeminal neuralgia
  • Loss of corneal reflex (afferent)
  • Loss of facial sensation
  • Paralysis of mastication muscles
  • Deviation of jaw to weak side
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34
Q

CN VI aka

A

Abducens

35
Q

CN VI function

A

Eye movement - lateral rectus

36
Q

CN VI palsy presentation

A

Palsy results in defective abduction to horizontal diplopia

37
Q

CN VII aka

A

Facial nerve

38
Q

CN VII function

A
  • Facial movement
  • Taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue)
  • Lacrimation
  • Salivation
39
Q

CN VII lesion presentation

A
  • Flaccid paralysis of upper and lower face
  • Loss of corneal reflex (efferent)
  • Loss of taste
  • Hyperacusis
40
Q

CN VIII aka

A

Vestibulocochlear

41
Q

CN VIII function

A
  • Hearing
  • Balance
42
Q

CN VIII lesion presentation

A
  • Hearing loss
  • Vertigo
  • Nystagmus
43
Q

CN IX aka

A

Glossopharyngeal

44
Q

CN IX function

A
  • Taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
  • Salivation
  • Swallowing
  • Mediates input from carotid body and sinus
45
Q

CN IX lesion presentation

A
  • Hypersensitive carotid sinus reflex
  • Loss of gag reflex (afferent)
46
Q

CN X aka

A

Vagus

47
Q

CN X function

A
  • Phonation
  • Swallowing
  • Innervates viscera
48
Q

CN X lesion presentation

A
  • Deviated uvula from site of lesion
  • Loss of gag reflex
49
Q

CN XI aka

A

Accessory

50
Q

CN XI function

A

Head and shoulder movement

51
Q

CN XI lesion presentation

A

Weakness turning head to contralateral side

52
Q

CN XII aka

A

Hypoglossal

53
Q

CN XII function

A

Tongue movement

54
Q

CN XII lesion presentation

A

Tongue deviates towards side of lesion

55
Q

Afferent limb of corneal reflex

A

Opthalmic nerve

56
Q

Efferent limb of corneal reflex

A

Facial nerve

57
Q

Afferent limb of jaw jerk reflex

A

Mandibular reflex

58
Q

Efferent limb of jaw jerk reflex

A

Mandibular nerve

59
Q

Afferent limb of gag reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

60
Q

Efferent limb of gag reflex

A

Vagal nerve

61
Q

Afferent limb of carotid sinus reflex

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

62
Q

Efferent limb of carotid sinus reflex

A

Vagal nerve

63
Q

Afferent limb of pupillary light reflex

A

Optic nerve

64
Q

Efferent limb of pupillary light reflex

A

Oculomotor nerve

65
Q

Afferent limb of lacrimation reflex

A

Ophthalmic nerve

66
Q

Efferent limb of lacimation reflex

A

Facial nerve

67
Q

Anterior cerebral artery stroke features

A
  • Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss
  • Lower extremity > upper
68
Q

Middle cerebral artery stroke features

A
  • Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss
  • Upper extremity > lower
  • Contralateral homonymous hemianopia
  • Aphasia
69
Q

Posterior cerebral artery stroke features

A
  • Contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
  • Visual agnosia
70
Q

What arteries affected in Weber’s syndrome

A

Branches of posterior cerebral artery supplying the midbrain

71
Q

Weber’s syndrome features

A
  • Ipsilateral CN III palsy
  • Contralateral weakness of upper and lower extremity
72
Q

What arteries infected in Wallenberg syndrome (lateral medullary syndrome)

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

73
Q

Wallenberg (lateral medullary) syndrome features

A

Ipsilateral - facial pain and temperature loss
Contralateral - limb/torso pain and temperature loss
Ataxia
Nystagmus

74
Q

Artery affected in lateral pontine syndrome

A

Anterior inferior cerebellar arteryF

75
Q

Features of lateral pontine syndrome

A

Ipsilateral - facial pain and temperature loss, facial paralysis, deafness
Contralateral - limb/torso pain and temperature loss
Ataxia
Nystagmus

76
Q

Retinal artery stroke features

A

Amaurosis fugax

77
Q

Basilar artery stroke features

A

Locked in syndrome

78
Q

Lacunar stroke features

A

Either isolated hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, or hemiparesis with limb ataxia

79
Q

Capgras syndrome

A

Delusion that friend or partner has been replaced by identical looking imposter

80
Q

Othello syndrome

A

Irrational belief partner is having affair with no objective evidence

81
Q

De clerambault syndrome

A

Delusional idea that person whom they consider to be of higher social and/or professional standing is in love with them

82
Q

Cotard syndrome

A

Delusional idea one is dead

83
Q
A

1 - MSRA (17 decks)

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