pharmacology Flashcards
What is the mechanism of action of Rocuronium?
Neuromuscular blocker
Competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors - thereby preventing ACh from binding to these receptors and sitmulating the muscle (binding of AcH would stimulate depolarisation)
Used as a muscle relaxant in anaesthesia
What do you use to reverse the effect of Rocuronium?
Neostigmine
An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor - reduces the breakdown of AcCh - increasing its concentration in the synapse - so there is more available to bind to the receptor
Neostigmine is specifically licensed for reversal of non-depolarising (competitive) neuromuscular blockade
Pyridostigmine is another AChi - used for myasthenia gravis
What is the mechanism of Amantadine and what is it used to treat?
MOA: increases dopamine release
Indication: Parkinson’s disease
To treat dyskinesia symptoms
Also used as an antiviral to treat influenza A
What are examples of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?
- donepezil
- Rivastigmine
- Galantamine
Used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s
Organophosphates
Neostigmine
Pyridostigmine
What medication is used for the prevention of migraines?
1st line - propranolol
2nd line - topiramate - however child bearing women should be informed of risks and use adequate contraception.
What are the important side effects of chloramphenicol to know?
- Bone marrow suppression - anaemia/pancytopenia
- aplastic anaemia
- grey baby syndrome
What is permethrin used to treat?
- scabies
What is the MOA of prochlorperazine?
D2 recetptor antagonist
1st generation antipsychotic
What do you give to treat an acute dystonic reaction that has occurred after administration of prochlorperazine
treat with an anticholinergic medication:
- diphenhydramine
- Benztropine
What drugs should be avoided in patients with Parkinson’s?
- haloperidol
- metoclopramide
- prochlorperazine
Opposes the action of their dopaminergic drugs and can worsen their PD symptoms
