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MSRA revision > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What causes Lyme disease?

A

Spirochete bacteria: Boriella burgdorferi
Vector: Ixodes tick
Carrier: Rodents and white tailed deer

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2
Q

What is the treatment for Lyme disease?

A

Early disease: doxycycline or Amoxicillin if doxycycline is contraindicated (e.g. pregnancy)
If they have erythema migrans - commence antibiotics without the need for further tests
Late stage: IV ceftriaxone

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3
Q

How is Hepatitis A spread?

A

Transmission: faecal oral route
Common source: raw or undercooked shellfish

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4
Q

How is Hepatitis E spread?

A

Transmission: faecal-oral
Common source: Undercooked pro
Classically causes severe hepatitis in pregnant women

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5
Q

What is the treatment for PCP infection?

A

1st line: Co-trimoxazole
2nd line: If severe - IV Pentamidine +/- steroids

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6
Q

What are the clinical features of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection (PCP)?

A
  • Fungal infection
  • Occurs in immunocompromised people (opportunistic infection)
  • SOB, dry cough, fever, few chest signs, exercise induced desaturation
  • CXR may be normal or show bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates
    Diagnosis: bronchoalveolar lavage
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7
Q

What is the treatment for gonorrhoea infection?

A

1st line: single dose of IM 1g ceftriaxone

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8
Q

What is the treatment for Campylobacter infection?

A

If immunocompetent - supportive management
If immunocompromised or severe or symptoms for > 1 week - clarithromycin

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9
Q

What is the treatment for Chlamydia infection?

A

1st line: Doxycycline for 8 days
2nd line: Azithromycin for 3 days
Pregnant: Azithromycin, erythromycin or amoxicillin
All contacts should be treated even if asymptomatic

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10
Q

What is the treatment for Syphilis infection?

A

Penicillin G

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?

A

IM Ceftriaxone + PO doxycycline + PO Metronidazole

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12
Q

What causes bacterial vaginosis?

A

An overgrowth of predominately Gardnerella vaginalis

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13
Q

What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

What are the symptoms/signs of bacterial vaginosis?

A
  • thin grey/white discharge, - fishy’ odour upon adding 10% potassium hydroxide
  • high pH (> 4.5)
  • microscopy: epithelial cells with a stippled appearance (clue cells).
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15
Q

What is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis?

A

Metronidazole

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16
Q

What is the cause of Scarlet fever?

A

Group A beta haemolytic streptococcus

17
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing Typhoid fever?

A

Bone marrow culture

18
Q

What is the cause of Dengue fever?

A

Infection with the dengue virus
Transmission: Bites from Aedes mosquitos

19
Q

What are the key features of Dengue fever?

A
  • Fever in the returned traveller
  • body aches and pains - break-bone fever
  • retro-orbital eye pain
  • facial flushing
  • Thrombocytopenia - resulting in PR bleeding, malaria, epistaxis (dengue haemorrhage fever shock syndrome)
20
Q

How is dengue fever diagnosed?

A

Serology (IgM anti-dengue antibodies)

21
Q

What micro-organisms causes Impetigo?

A

Staph aureus

22
Q

How does cryptosporidium infection present?

A

Watery diarrhoea
Can cause profuse life threatening infection in immunocompromised people such as those with HIV/AIDS

23
Q

What sort of microbe is cryptosporidium parvum?

A

Protozoa

24
Q

What is the best antibiotic to use for an MRSA infection?

A

Severe IV Vancomycin

Oral doxycycline

25
Q

What is the most common cause of acute infective endocarditis?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

26
Q

What valve is most commonly affected in IV drug users with acute infective endocarditis?

A

Tricuspid valve
They inject into veins which drain into the right atrium hence tricuspid valve is affected

27
Q

What is the most common cause of Subacute infective endocarditis?

A

Streptococcus viridans

28
Q

Subacute infective endocarditis

A
  • strep viridans
  • typically acquired through tooth brushing and dentist visits as found in mouth flora
  • typically affect damaged valves
  • most commonly affects the mitral valve as this valve is most common damaged by rheumatic fever
29
Q

Infective endocarditis affecting prosthetic valves is most commonly caused by which organism?

A

Streptococcus epidermidis

30
Q

Gram positive cocci in pairs

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

31
Q

Gram positive cocci in clusters

A

Staphylococcus aureus

32
Q

What are important side effects of doxycycline

A
  • not used in children as can inhibit bone growth and can discolour teeth
  • not to be used in pregnancy- teratogenic
  • photo sensitive rash
  • GI symptoms
33
Q

What is the most common cause of cellulitis?

A
  • staph aureus
  • strep pyogenes
34
Q

What is the most common cause of erysipelas?

A

Strep pyogenes

MSRA revision (25 decks)

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