Infectious Disease Flashcards
What causes Lyme disease?
Spirochete bacteria: Boriella burgdorferi
Vector: Ixodes tick
Carrier: Rodents and white tailed deer
What is the treatment for Lyme disease?
Early disease: doxycycline or Amoxicillin if doxycycline is contraindicated (e.g. pregnancy)
If they have erythema migrans - commence antibiotics without the need for further tests
Late stage: IV ceftriaxone
How is Hepatitis A spread?
Transmission: faecal oral route
Common source: raw or undercooked shellfish
How is Hepatitis E spread?
Transmission: faecal-oral
Common source: Undercooked pro
Classically causes severe hepatitis in pregnant women
What is the treatment for PCP infection?
1st line: Co-trimoxazole
2nd line: If severe - IV Pentamidine +/- steroids
What are the clinical features of Pneumocystis jiroveci infection (PCP)?
- Fungal infection
- Occurs in immunocompromised people (opportunistic infection)
- SOB, dry cough, fever, few chest signs, exercise induced desaturation
- CXR may be normal or show bilateral interstitial pulmonary infiltrates
Diagnosis: bronchoalveolar lavage
What is the treatment for gonorrhoea infection?
1st line: single dose of IM 1g ceftriaxone
What is the treatment for Campylobacter infection?
If immunocompetent - supportive management
If immunocompromised or severe or symptoms for > 1 week - clarithromycin
What is the treatment for Chlamydia infection?
1st line: Doxycycline for 8 days
2nd line: Azithromycin for 3 days
Pregnant: Azithromycin, erythromycin or amoxicillin
All contacts should be treated even if asymptomatic
What is the treatment for Syphilis infection?
Penicillin G
What is the treatment for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease?
IM Ceftriaxone + PO doxycycline + PO Metronidazole
What causes bacterial vaginosis?
An overgrowth of predominately Gardnerella vaginalis
What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
Metronidazole
What are the symptoms/signs of bacterial vaginosis?
- thin grey/white discharge, - fishy’ odour upon adding 10% potassium hydroxide
- high pH (> 4.5)
- microscopy: epithelial cells with a stippled appearance (clue cells).
What is the treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis?
Metronidazole
What is the cause of Scarlet fever?
Group A beta haemolytic streptococcus
What is the gold standard for diagnosing Typhoid fever?
Bone marrow culture
What is the cause of Dengue fever?
Infection with the dengue virus
Transmission: Bites from Aedes mosquitos
What are the key features of Dengue fever?
- Fever in the returned traveller
- body aches and pains - break-bone fever
- retro-orbital eye pain
- facial flushing
- Thrombocytopenia - resulting in PR bleeding, malaria, epistaxis (dengue haemorrhage fever shock syndrome)
How is dengue fever diagnosed?
Serology (IgM anti-dengue antibodies)
What micro-organisms causes Impetigo?
Staph aureus
How does cryptosporidium infection present?
Watery diarrhoea
Can cause profuse life threatening infection in immunocompromised people such as those with HIV/AIDS
What sort of microbe is cryptosporidium parvum?
Protozoa
What is the best antibiotic to use for an MRSA infection?
Severe IV Vancomycin
Oral doxycycline
