ENT Flashcards
What are the classic symptoms of Ménière’s disease?
recurrent attacks of:
1. vertigo
2. tinnitus
3. sensorineural hering loss
4. feeling of fullness or pressure in the ear
Most commonly unilateral but can be bilateral in some cases
symptoms last hours at a time
What medication would you use to treat Ménière’s disease in between attacks
Betahistine
other medications used
acetazolamide (diuretic) to reduce fluid build up
What is the most common cause of quinsy (peri-tonsillar abscess)
Strep pyogenes
What are the symptoms of quinsy?
-fever
- severe sore throat
- trismus
- bad breath
- “hot potato” voice
- possibly drooling
- difficult to examine their mouth due to trimsus
What is the management of quinsy?
Urgent same day referral to ENT
IV Abx and needle aspiration or drainage of the abscess
Oropharyngeal cancer tends to be what type of cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What virus is associated with with oropharyngeal cancer eg tongue/tonsils/uvula/soft palate/walls of pharynx
Human papilloma virus
What is a thyroglossal cyst and how does it present
congenital failure of the thyroglossal duct to close - so they develop a thyroglossal cyst
- midline mass
- attached to the tongue so moves with tongue movement
- moves up with tongue protrusion
- asymptomatic
What is cystic hygroma and how does it present?
- congenital lymphatic malformation
- jugular lymphatic sac
- presents in infants
- soft, painless mass in the left posterior triangle
- TRANSILLUMINATES
Nasopharyngeal cancer is associated with which virus?
Epstein-Barr Virus
EBV
More common in south East Asians especially Chinese
What are the symptoms of acoustic neuroma?
- sensorineural hearing loss
- tinnitus
- vertigo
- rarely facial nerve palsy and cerebellar involvement
Which type of medications have ototoxicity as a side effect?
antibiotic - ahminoglycosides e.g. gentamicin, neomycin
Loop diuretics e.g. furosemide
Pain on pulling the pinna is suggestive of what?
otitis externa
What antibiotic do you use to treat acute tonsillitis?
Penicillin V
(phenoxymethylpenicillin)
What is the cause of Ramsey hunt syndrome?
varicella zoster infection in the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve
