Pharmacology

Question 1

Combined P-GP and CYP3A4 inhibitors

Answer 1

Ketoconazole
Posa/voriconazole
Ritonavir

Question 2

Combine P-GP and strong CYP3A4 inducers

Answer 2

Carbamazepine
Phenytoin
Rifampicin
St John’s Wort

Question 3

Strong P-GP inhibitors and weak CYP3a4 inhibitors

Answer 3

Amiodarone
Calcium channel Blockers
Macrolides - erythro/azithromycin

Question 4

Main determinant of maintenance dose

Answer 4

Clearance of dru

Question 5

Clearance formula

Answer 5

Volume of blood cleared of drug per unit of time (volume/hr)

Question 6

Elimination rate

Answer 6

clearance of drug (l/hr) x plasma drug concentration (mg/hr)

Question 7

CYP3A4 inhibitors

Answer 7

Grape fruit juics
Clarithromycin /erythromycin
Diltiazem 
Fluconazole 
Ritonavir

Question 8

Formula for constant steady state

Answer 8

Css = (DR x F) / CL - Vd

Question 9

Competitive inhibitor Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Answer 9

fomepizole (a.k.a. 4-methylpyrazole)

Question 10

Volume of distribution

Answer 10

Total amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration

Question 11

Loading dose

Answer 11

Volume of distribution x target plasma concentration

Question 12

Steady state

Answer 12

Loading dose = Vd X CAS

Question 13

HLA B5801

Answer 13

Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome

Question 14

HLAB15:02

Answer 14

Cutaneous skin reactions

Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, phenytoin

Question 15

Drugs that cause increased lithium concentration

Answer 15

Drugs that deplete Sodium ie diuretics

Question 16

The two main determinants of hepatic clearance

Answer 16

hepatic extraction ratio and hepatic blood flow.

Hepatic extraction ratio is the fraction of the drug entering the liver in the blood which is irreversibly extracted during a pass through the liver.

The hepatic extraction ratio is determined largely by the free (unbound) fraction of the drug.