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STEPH BPT 2021 > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Mixture of fluent and expressive aphasia

A

Arcuate fasciculus lesion

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2
Q

Gene mutations PD

A

GBA (glucocerebrosidase)

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3
Q

Dopamine agonists

A

Impulse control disorders
Nausea
Ortho static hypotension
Confusion and hallucinations

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4
Q

memantine

amantadine

A

NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist
Increase dopamine release
Rx: Alzheimer’s

livedo reticularis
Insomnia
leg oedema
blurred vision

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5
Q

Hot cross bun sign

A

MSA

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6
Q

Humingbird sign

A

PSP

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7
Q

MSA

A

Alpha synucleiopathy
Erectile dysfunction
Urinary incontinence
Postural hypotension

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8
Q

Progressive supranuclear palsy

A

Early falls
supranuear down gaze palsy
Postural instability

Tau protein

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9
Q

Corticobasal syndrome (Parkinson’s plus)

A

Apraxia
Frontal lobe dementia
SN gaze palsy
Alien limb

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10
Q

Natalizab

A 
Alpha 4 interim antagonist
MS RX
Selective adhesion molecule inhibitor 
Decrease in relapse rate 
PML risk
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11
Q

Almtuzumab

A

Mab to CD52 (B cells)
MS Rx
Decreased relapse
No PML

ITP
Autoimmune disease

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12
Q

Ocrelizumab

A

MS treatment
Anti CD20 mAb
Depletes B calls

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13
Q

Fingolimob

A

MS Rx
Down regulates sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor
Decrease relapse rate

Heart block
PML
Macular oedema

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14
Q

Optic neuritis

A 
Pain on eye movements 
Decreased acuity
Impaired colour vision 
RAPD 
Scotoma
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15
Q

Gerstman syndrome

A

Brodman 39 and 40 near temporal and parietal junction
Left angular and supramarginal gyrus

Dysgraphia
Dyscalcula
Finger agnosia

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16
Q

Basilar syndrome

A

EOM abnormalities
Dilated pupil
GCS
Staggered course

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17
Q

Anterior spinal artery infarct

A

Loss of power distally
Loss of temp/pain
Posterior cord unaffected

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18
Q

Causes of lobar haemorrhage

A

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

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19
Q

HLA subtype Carbamazepine

A

HLA B1502 SJS syndrome

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20
Q

HSV encephalitis location

A

Bilateral temporal

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21
Q

Lambert Eaton syndrome association

A

50% paraneoplastic
Mainly SCLC
IgG Abs against Ca channels

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22
Q

In Parkinson’s disease excessive amounts of which protein accumulates in the central nervous system

A

Alpha synuclein

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23
Q

In Alzheimer’s disease excessive amounts of which protein accumulates in the central nervous system?

A

Tau protein is seen in Alzheimer’s and forms the typical Neurofibrillary tangles
Amyloid

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24
Q

mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS)

A

Stroke like symptoms
Seizures
Migraine

25
Q

Alpha synucleiopathies

A

MSA
Lewy body Dementia
Parkinsons Disease

26
Q

Gerstmann’s syndrome (dominant parietal)

A
  1. Agraphia
  2. Acalculia
  3. FInger agnosia
  4. Left-right confusion
27
Q

Non-dominant complete MCA lesion

A
  1. Inattention (visual, sensory, motor)
  2. Anosognosia
  3. Prosopagnosia
  4. Emotional speech
  5. Motor impersistence/apraxia
28
Q

Prosopagnosia

A

Inability to recognise faces

29
Q

Anosognosia

A

Denial of neurological defect

30
Q

Superior division MCA

A
  1. Brocas aphasia if dominant side
  2. Contralateral Weakness face and arm > leg
  3. Contralateral Sensory loss face> arm
  4. Hemi-neglect if non noninant
31
Q

Inferior division of MCA infarct

A
  1. Contralateral homonomous hemianopia
  2. Non-dom: Apraxia
  3. Dom: Wernicke’s area
32
Q

ACA infarct

A
  1. Ciontralateral aralysis of leg>arm
  2. Cortical sensory loss of lower limb
  3. Contralateral primitive reflexes (FL)
  4. Abulia (FL)
  5. Urinary incontinence (FL)
33
Q

Left PCA infarct

A
  1. Homonomous hemianopia

2. Alexia without agraphia

34
Q

Right PCA infarct

A
  1. Homonomous hemianopia
  2. Prosopagnosia
  3. Visual neglect
35
Q

Blood supply to lacunar areas

A

MCA penetrating arteries

36
Q

Anton’s syndrome

A

Cortical blindness

37
Q

Alexia

A

Unable to recognise individual words

38
Q

Kimmelstiel Wilson nodules

A

Diabetic nephropathy

39
Q

Wire loop lesions

A

Lupus nephritis

40
Q

Loss of pain and temperature on left and right (face and body opposites)

A

Lateral medullary syndrome of Wallenberg

PICA/vertebral artery occlusion

41
Q

Beta transferritin in rhinnorea fluid

42
Q

acute weakness with low potassium

A

periodic paralysis

In setting of calcim channel defect

43
Q

Drug for MND and action

A

Riluzole
sodium channel blocker that inhibits glutamate release.

May slow progression of MND marginally

44
Q

Phenytoin SEs

A 
Osteoporosis
ataxia
nystagmus
gingival hyperplasia
coursening of facial features
hormone dysfucntion
bone marrow hypoplasia.
45
Q

Vigabatrin

A

Drowsiness(most common)
neuropsychiatric symptoms
weight gain
visual field changes.

46
Q

Miller fischer symptoms and treatment

A

Opthalmoplegia
Ataxia
Muscle weakness eith areflexia

No IVIG / treatment

47
Q

Tauopathies

A

Progressive supranuclear palsy
Corticobasal dgeneration
Frontotemporal dementia
Alzheimer’s dementia (also amyloid)

48
Q

Alpha-synucleinopathies

A

Lewy body
Parkinsons disease
Multi systems atrophy

49
Q

Pathophysiology of tau

A

Abnormal phosphorylation of tau interferes with microtubule function, impairs axonal transport, and leads to tau aggregation into neurofibrillary tangles.

50
Q

Where is CSF produced (mostly)

A

Choroid plexus

51
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

Flexion injury or vascular injury (anterior spinal artery)
Proprioception and vibration spared
loss or motor and pan and temp below level of lesion

52
Q

Central cord lesion

A

M - Motor>sensory
U - Upper extremity > lower extremity
D - Distal > proximal
E - Extension injury

53
Q

Brown-sequard injury

A

Ipsilateral loss of motor and proprioception/vibration

Contralateral loss pain/temp

54
Q

Sensory level nipples

55
Q

Sensory level umbilicus

56
Q

Nerve roots in the cauda equina

A

L1–L5 and S1–S5

57
Q

Nerve roots in sciatic nerve

A

L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3

58
Q

Treatment of benign intracranial hypertension

A

Weight loss

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (acetazolamide )

STEPH BPT 2021 (17 decks)

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