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STEPH BPT 2021 > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Role of C3b

A

Opsonisation

Allows bacteria-phagocyte binding, particularly important for encapsulated and GNB

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2
Q

Role of C3a and C5a

A

Chemotaxis
Recruit phagocytes
Degranulation of mast cells
Endothelial vasodilation and leakiness of blood vessels to allow neutrophils to enter tissue

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3
Q

Role of IL-8

A

Released from APCs

Upregulating and recruiting neutrophils

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4
Q

Role of TNF-alpha and IL-1

A

Release from APCs

Endothelial vasodilation and leakiness of blood vessels to allow neutrophils to enter tissue

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5
Q

Role of C5b

A

Binds to C 6, 7, 8, 9 to form Membrane attack complex which leads to cytolysis

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6
Q

Types of antibody that cannot activate classical complement pathway

A

IgA, IgE, IgD

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7
Q

Signals that activate NK cells

A

Downregulation of MHC-1 molecules on target cell
Activating receptors on target cells
CD16 Fc receptors on IgG (antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity)

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8
Q

The alternative name of NK cell

A

Large granular lymphocyte

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9
Q

HLA genes on chromosome

A

Class 1 region - MHC 1 - A, B, C, E
Class 2 region - MHC 2- DP, DQ, DR
Class 3 region - Complement C2 and C4, TNF, HSP70

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10
Q

Cells that present MHC II

A

APCs

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11
Q

Cells that present MHC I

A

All nucleated cells

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12
Q

Signal 2 on Th Cell

A

CD 80/86 on APC binding to CD28 on naive T Cell

Leads to IL-2 production

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13
Q

Cytokines made by TH1 cells

A

IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6

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14
Q

Cytokines made by TH-2

A

IL-4, IL-5

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15
Q

Cytokines made by TH-17

A

IL-17

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16
Q

Pathogen target of TH-1

A

Intracellular microbes

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17
Q

Pathogen target of TH-2

A

Helminth parasites

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18
Q

Pathogen target of TH-17

A

Extracellular bacteria, fungi

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19
Q

Cells with CD-40L

A

Activated effector T Cell

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20
Q

CD5 surface marker

A

On B1 subset of B cells
Non memory cells
IgM on surface

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21
Q

Antibody class that passes the placenta

A

IgG (1-4)

IgG2 least effective

22
Q

IgA in secretions structure

A

IgA2 - Dimer structure

23
Q

IgA in blood

A

IgA1

24
Q

Relative quantities of antibody subclasses in serum

A

IgG>IgA>IgM>IgD>IgE

25
Q

Relative complement binding efficiency of antibody subclasses in serum

A

IgM, IgG3 > IgG1 >IgG2

26
Q

High avidity low affinity antibody subclass

A

IgM

27
Q

Antibody in breast milk

A

IgA

28
Q

IL-1 (production and role)

A

Macrophages, fibroblasts

Proliferation and activation T, B cells
Induction of IL-6, IFN gamma, GM-CSF

29
Q

IL-2 (production and role)

A

Produced by T cells

Growth of activated T calls, B cells, NK activation

30
Q

IL-3 (production and role)

A

Produced by T cells, macrophages

Mast cell growth
Differentiation of haematopeotic precursor cells

31
Q

IL-4 (production and role)

A

Produced by Th-2 cells, mast cells

Isotype switching IgG1 -> IgE

32
Q

IL-5 (production and role)

A

Produced by Th-2 cells, mast cells

IgM, IgA production
eosinophil and activated B cell proliferation

33
Q

IL-6 (production and role)

A

Produced by macrophages, TH, mast cells, fibroblasts

Induction of the acute phase proteins, growth and differentiation of haemopoetic cells

34
Q

GM-CSF

A

Produced by macrophages, T Cells, endothelium, mast cells

Colony growth, activates macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils

35
Q

TNF-alpha

A

produced by macrophages, T Cells (Th-1)

Activates macrophages, tumour cytotoxicity, cachexia

36
Q

TNF-Beta

A

Produced by CD-4 T Cells

Induced acute phase reactants, antiviral and anti parasite activity

37
Q

INF-alpha

A

produced by leucocytes

Antiviral
Upregulates MHC-1

38
Q

INF-gamma

A

Produced by T Cells (Th1)

Anti viral
Upregulates HMC molecules
Antagonises AL-4 effect

39
Q

Examples of T2 Hypersensitivity

A

Incompatible blood transfusions
Hyperacute graft rejection
Thyrotoxcosis

40
Q

monoclonal antibody to IL-6

A

Tociluzumab

41
Q

Activity of IL-6 on hepcidin

A

Leads to increase in hepcidin
Decreased Fe absorption
Decreased release of Fe into plasma, instead stored in ceels

42
Q

Role of IL-10

A

Regulatory

Antiinflammatory

43
Q

Vancomycin sensitivity reaction

A

Vanc directly degranulates mast cells
Does not involve IgE
Red Man Syndrome

44
Q

IgG4 disease histology

A

lymphoplasmacytic tissue infiltration

Storiform pattern fibrosis

45
Q

IgG4 syndrome manifestations

A

Pancreatitis
Sclerosing cholangitis
Lacrimal/parotid involvement

46
Q

Deficiencies which complement/s predispose to autoimmune conditions?

A

Early complement (C1-2, 4)

47
Q

Deficiencies which complement/s predispose to gram negative infections?

A

C3 - pneumococcal and h.influenzae

C5-9 - neisseria

48
Q

Main pathogenic driver in periodic fever syndromes

A

IL-1Beta

49
Q

Conjugate vaccine vs antigenic protein is bound to a polysaccharide antigen

A

Conjugate - activation of T-cells

Polysaccharide - activation only of B-cells

50
Q

Biosimilar drug

A

A drug that has the same properties as the reference innovator/biologic medicine

51
Q

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis - antibodies asscoiated?

A

immunoglobulin E (IgE) to omega-5 gliadin

STEPH BPT 2021 (16 decks)

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