Endocrinology Flashcards

1
Q

T1DM antibodies in childhood

A

Insulin autoantibodies

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2
Q

Adult T1DM antibodies

A

GAD65 antibodies

Others

Insulin autoantibodies (IAA)

IA-2

Zinc transporter 8

Tetrasporin-7

2 or more AAB increase risk to 80%

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3
Q

T1DM genetic susceptibility

A

HLA2 (DR3/DR4)

Increases risk by 50%

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4
Q

Insulin sensitivity factor

A

100/TDD

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5
Q

CHO ratio

A

500/total daily does of rapid insulin

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6
Q

Post party inflammatory condition of pituitary with low ACTH

A

Lymphocytic hypophysitis

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7
Q

Pituitary apoplexy

A

Bleeding into pituitary tumour

Rx- steroids

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8
Q

Pituitary hormone affected most with radiation treatment

A

Growth hormone

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9
Q

Sheehan’s syndrome

A

Infarct of pituitary post partum
Severe HA
low prolactin, can’t breast feed

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10
Q

Cancer drug associated with hypophysitis

A

Ipilimumab

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11
Q

Pasiriotide

A

Somatostain analogue

Risk of diabetes

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12
Q

Treatment agranulocytosis with carbimazole

A
Stop medication 
Gcsf 
Broad spectrum abx 
Propranolol 
Definitive therepay - radioactive iodine or surgery
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13
Q

Type of radiation for radioactive iodine

A

Beta irradiation.

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14
Q

Effect of bhcg during pregnancy

A

Acts like TSH

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15
Q

Sick euthyroid effect

A

Low t3

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16
Q

Adrenal oncidentaloma

A

HU < 10 benign
<3cm
Round
Homogenous

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17
Q

Pink stain on PAS on kidney reflecting fibrosis

A

Kimmelstein-Wilson nodule

18
Q

Cancer risk in diabetes

A

Reduced prostate risk due to lower androgens

19
Q

Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and anosmia

A

Kallmans syndrome

20
Q

Indications for treatment of pagets disease

A

Bone pain
HF due to high output state
Involvement of C-Spine

21
Q

High plasma renin
High plasma aldosterone

Aetiology?

A

Renin secreting tumour

Renal artery stenosis

22
Q

Low plasma renin
High plasma aldosterone

Aetiology

A

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Also associated with hypokalaemia, low urine chloride and high urine K

23
Q

Low plasma renin
Low plasma aldosterone

Hypokalaemia and hypertension

Aetiology

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

11-beta hydroxy-steroid dehydrodenas deficiency

24
Q

Half life of thyroxine

A

1 week

25
Q

Diabetes insipidis

A

High sodium

Low urine osmolality

26
Q

When to treat sub clinical Hypothyroidism

A

TSH > 10

27
Q

Tumour marker for papillary thyroid cancer

A

Thyroglobulin

28
Q

Tumour marker for medullary thyroid cancer

A

Calcitonin

29
Q

MODY gene mutatiok

A

HNF 4a
HNF 1a
GCK

Autosomal dominant

30
Q

Treatment of MODY

A

Solphonylureas

31
Q

Aetiology of hyperthyroidism

A

Graves disease
Toxic multinodular goitre
Autonomous functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN)
Thyroiditis

32
Q

Antithyroid drugs

A

Carbimazole

Proplythyrouricil

33
Q

Serious SE antithyroid drugs

A

Agranulocytosis

34
Q

Treatment of T3-4

A

Resection

Radioactive iodine

35
Q

Marker for thyroid cancer surveillance

A

Thyroglobulin (tg)

36
Q

Calcitonin secreting thyroid cancer (Ca of parafollicular C-cells)

A

Medullary

37
Q

Testing for acromegaly

A

Failure of GH to suppress with insulin load

Insulin-like growth factor levels (IGF)

38
Q

Auto-antibodies in graves

A

TSH-Receptor antibodies

39
Q

Whipples triad

A

Hypoglycaemia
Symptoms of hypoglycaemia (neuroglycopaenic)
Resolution of symptoms with glucose

40
Q

Rotterdam Criteria for PCOS

A

Oligo/anovulation
clinical evidence of hyperandrogenism
multiple cysts consistent with polycystic ovaries on pelvic ultrasound