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NPTE Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems > Pharmacological Managment of Heart, Vascular and Pulmonary Disease > Flashcards

Pharmacological Managment of Heart, Vascular and Pulmonary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MOA for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs? Indications? Side effects (5)?

A

Decrease BP and afterload by suppressing the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Indication: hypertension and congestive heart failure

Side effects: hypotension, dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia

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2
Q

List 4 examples of ACE inhibitor drugs.

A

Capoten (captopril)
Vasotec (enalapril)
Prinivil (lisinopril)
Altace (Ramipril)

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3
Q

What is the MOA of angiotensin II receptor antagonist agents? Indications? Side effects (3)?

A

Blocks binder of angiotensin II at the tissue/smooth muscle level, decreasing blood pressure

Indications: hypertension, CHF

Side effects: dizziness, back and leg pain, angina pectoris

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4
Q

List 2 examples of angiotensin II receptor antagonist agents.

A

Cozaar (losartan)

Diovan (valsartan)

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5
Q

What is the MOA of antiarrhythmic agents? Side effects (3)? Examples (2)?

A

Alter conductivity, restore normal heart rhythm, control arrhythmias, and improve cardiac output

Side effects: exacerbation of arrhythmias, dizziness, hypotension

Examples: quinidine, procainamide

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6
Q

What is the MOA of anticoagulant agents? Side effects (3)? Examples (3)?

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

Side effects: hemorrhage, increased risk of bleeding, GI distress with oral medication

Examples: Coumadin, Heparin (warfarin), Lovenex

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7
Q

What is the MOA of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs (4)?

A

Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis
Break down LDLs
Increase HDL levels
Decrease triglyceride levels

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8
Q

List 4 side effects of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs. Examples (3)?

A

Side effects: headache, GI distress, myalgia, rash

Examples: Lipitor, Zoco (simvastatin), Tricor

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9
Q

Statins are ______ drugs.

A

Anti-hyperlipidemia

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10
Q

What is the MOA of antithrombotic agents? Indications (2)?

A

Inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formation

Indications: post MI, atrial fibrillation

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11
Q

List 4 side effects and 3 examples of antithrombotic agents.

A

Side effects: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, GI distress, potential liver toxicity with use of aspirin

Examples: Aspirin, Plavix, Persantine

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12
Q

What is the MOA of beta blocker agents? Indications (6)?

A

Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate and contractility

Indications: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, migraines, essential tremor

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13
Q

List 7 side effects and 3 example of beta blocker agents.

A

Side effects: bradycardia, cardia arrhythmias, fatigue, depression, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision

Examples: Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Lopressor), Propranolol (Inderal)

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14
Q

`What is the MOA for calcium channel blockers? Indications (4)?

A

Decrease the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in decreased contractility, vasodilation, and decreased oxygen demand by the heart

Indications: hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, CHF

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15
Q

List 4 side effects and 3 examples of calcium channel blockers.

A

Side effects: dizziness, headache, hypotension, peripheral edema

Examples: Amlodipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem

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16
Q

What is the MOA of diuretic drugs? Indications (4)?

A

Increase excretion of sodium and urine = reduction in plasma volume = decrease in BP

Indications: hypertension, edema associated with heart failure, pulmonary edema, glaucoma

17
Q

List 6 side effects and 2 examples of diuretic drugs.

A

Side effects: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, polyuria, arrhythmias, increased LDLs

Examples: Lasix, hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix)

18
Q

What is the MOA of nitrates? Indication? Side effects (6)? Example?

A

Decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation

Indication: angina pectoris

Side effects: headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nausea, vomiting

Example: nitroglycerin

19
Q

What is the MOA of positive ionotropic agents? Indications (2)? Side effects (4)? Example?

A

Increase contractility of the heart and decrease heart rate

Indications: CHF, Atrial fibrillation

Side effects: cardiac arrhythmias, GI distress, dizziness, blurred vision

Example: Digoxin

20
Q

What is MOA of thrombolytic agents? Indications (4)? Side effects (3)? Example?

A

Breaks up clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin. Allows vessels to reopen to maintain blood flow

Indications: acute MI, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, arterial/venous thrombosis

Side effects: hemorrhage, allergic reaction, cardiac arrhythmia

Example: Activase

21
Q

What are rescue drugs? What is a pulmonary rescue drug?

A

Used for immediate relief of breakthrough symptoms of tightness, wheezing and shortness of breath

Short acting beta 2 agonist: mimic activity of the SNS that produce bronchodilation (i.e. albuterol)

22
Q

What is the MOA of antihistamine agents? Indications (4)?

A

Block the effects of histamine resulting in a decrease in nasal congestion, mucosal irritation, and allergies

Indications: seasonal allergies, rhinitis and sneezing from common cold, motion sickness, Parkinson’s disease

23
Q

List 7 side effects and 4 examples of antihistamine drugs.

A

Side effects: dizziness, arrhythmias, headache, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea, thickening of bronchial secretions

Examples: Benadryl, Allegra, Zyrtec, Claritin

24
Q

What is the MOA if anti-inflammatory agents? Indications (2)? Examples (2)?

A

Used to decrease inflammation, mucosal edema and airway reactivity

Indications: bronchospasm, asthma

Examples: Azmacort, Vanceril

25
Q

What is the main side effect of inhaled steroids (anti inflammatory agents)?

A

Thrush = fungal infection of the mouth and throat

26
Q

What is the MOA of anticholinergic drugs? Indications (3)? Side effects (3)? Example?

A

Inhibit the PNS, increase HR, BP and bronchodilation

Indications: bronchospasm, wheezing, SOB in asthma and COPD

Side effects: lack of sweating, dry mouth and delusions

Example: Atrovent

27
Q

What is the MOA of expectorant agents? Indications (3)? Side effects (2)? Example?

A

Increase respiratory secretions which help to loosed mucus

Indications: sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis

Side effects: GI distress, drowsiness

Example: Mucinex (guaifenesin)

28
Q

What is the MOA of mucolytic agents? Indications (4)? Side effects (4)? Examples (2)?

A

Decrease viscosity of mucous secretions to make them easier to expectorate. Administered via nebulizer.

Indications: viscous mucus secretions due to pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis

Side effects: pharyngitis, oral mucosa inflammation, rhinitis, chest pain

Examples: Pulmozyme, Mucosil or Mucomyst

NPTE Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems (15 decks)

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