Pharmacological Managment of Heart, Vascular and Pulmonary Disease Flashcards
What is the MOA for angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor drugs? Indications? Side effects (5)?
Decrease BP and afterload by suppressing the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Indication: hypertension and congestive heart failure
Side effects: hypotension, dizziness, dry cough, hyperkalemia, hyponatremia
List 4 examples of ACE inhibitor drugs.
Capoten (captopril)
Vasotec (enalapril)
Prinivil (lisinopril)
Altace (Ramipril)
What is the MOA of angiotensin II receptor antagonist agents? Indications? Side effects (3)?
Blocks binder of angiotensin II at the tissue/smooth muscle level, decreasing blood pressure
Indications: hypertension, CHF
Side effects: dizziness, back and leg pain, angina pectoris
List 2 examples of angiotensin II receptor antagonist agents.
Cozaar (losartan)
Diovan (valsartan)
What is the MOA of antiarrhythmic agents? Side effects (3)? Examples (2)?
Alter conductivity, restore normal heart rhythm, control arrhythmias, and improve cardiac output
Side effects: exacerbation of arrhythmias, dizziness, hypotension
Examples: quinidine, procainamide
What is the MOA of anticoagulant agents? Side effects (3)? Examples (3)?
Inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation
Side effects: hemorrhage, increased risk of bleeding, GI distress with oral medication
Examples: Coumadin, Heparin (warfarin), Lovenex
What is the MOA of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs (4)?
Inhibit enzyme action in cholesterol synthesis
Break down LDLs
Increase HDL levels
Decrease triglyceride levels
List 4 side effects of anti-hyperlipidemia drugs. Examples (3)?
Side effects: headache, GI distress, myalgia, rash
Examples: Lipitor, Zoco (simvastatin), Tricor
Statins are ______ drugs.
Anti-hyperlipidemia
What is the MOA of antithrombotic agents? Indications (2)?
Inhibit platelet aggregation and clot formation
Indications: post MI, atrial fibrillation
List 4 side effects and 3 examples of antithrombotic agents.
Side effects: hemorrhage, thrombocytopenia, GI distress, potential liver toxicity with use of aspirin
Examples: Aspirin, Plavix, Persantine
What is the MOA of beta blocker agents? Indications (6)?
Decrease myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate and contractility
Indications: hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, heart failure, migraines, essential tremor
List 7 side effects and 3 example of beta blocker agents.
Side effects: bradycardia, cardia arrhythmias, fatigue, depression, dizziness, weakness, blurred vision
Examples: Atenolol (Tenormin), Metoprolol (Lopressor), Propranolol (Inderal)
`What is the MOA for calcium channel blockers? Indications (4)?
Decrease the entry of calcium into vascular smooth muscle cells resulting in decreased contractility, vasodilation, and decreased oxygen demand by the heart
Indications: hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, CHF
List 4 side effects and 3 examples of calcium channel blockers.
Side effects: dizziness, headache, hypotension, peripheral edema
Examples: Amlodipine, Verapamil, Diltiazem
What is the MOA of diuretic drugs? Indications (4)?
Increase excretion of sodium and urine = reduction in plasma volume = decrease in BP
Indications: hypertension, edema associated with heart failure, pulmonary edema, glaucoma
List 6 side effects and 2 examples of diuretic drugs.
Side effects: dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension, polyuria, arrhythmias, increased LDLs
Examples: Lasix, hydrochlorothiazide (Esidrix)
What is the MOA of nitrates? Indication? Side effects (6)? Example?
Decrease ischemia through smooth muscle relaxation
Indication: angina pectoris
Side effects: headache, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nausea, vomiting
Example: nitroglycerin
What is the MOA of positive ionotropic agents? Indications (2)? Side effects (4)? Example?
Increase contractility of the heart and decrease heart rate
Indications: CHF, Atrial fibrillation
Side effects: cardiac arrhythmias, GI distress, dizziness, blurred vision
Example: Digoxin
What is MOA of thrombolytic agents? Indications (4)? Side effects (3)? Example?
Breaks up clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin. Allows vessels to reopen to maintain blood flow
Indications: acute MI, pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, arterial/venous thrombosis
Side effects: hemorrhage, allergic reaction, cardiac arrhythmia
Example: Activase
What are rescue drugs? What is a pulmonary rescue drug?
Used for immediate relief of breakthrough symptoms of tightness, wheezing and shortness of breath
Short acting beta 2 agonist: mimic activity of the SNS that produce bronchodilation (i.e. albuterol)
What is the MOA of antihistamine agents? Indications (4)?
Block the effects of histamine resulting in a decrease in nasal congestion, mucosal irritation, and allergies
Indications: seasonal allergies, rhinitis and sneezing from common cold, motion sickness, Parkinson’s disease
List 7 side effects and 4 examples of antihistamine drugs.
Side effects: dizziness, arrhythmias, headache, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea, thickening of bronchial secretions
Examples: Benadryl, Allegra, Zyrtec, Claritin
What is the MOA if anti-inflammatory agents? Indications (2)? Examples (2)?
Used to decrease inflammation, mucosal edema and airway reactivity
Indications: bronchospasm, asthma
Examples: Azmacort, Vanceril
What is the main side effect of inhaled steroids (anti inflammatory agents)?
Thrush = fungal infection of the mouth and throat
What is the MOA of anticholinergic drugs? Indications (3)? Side effects (3)? Example?
Inhibit the PNS, increase HR, BP and bronchodilation
Indications: bronchospasm, wheezing, SOB in asthma and COPD
Side effects: lack of sweating, dry mouth and delusions
Example: Atrovent
What is the MOA of expectorant agents? Indications (3)? Side effects (2)? Example?
Increase respiratory secretions which help to loosed mucus
Indications: sinusitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis
Side effects: GI distress, drowsiness
Example: Mucinex (guaifenesin)
What is the MOA of mucolytic agents? Indications (4)? Side effects (4)? Examples (2)?
Decrease viscosity of mucous secretions to make them easier to expectorate. Administered via nebulizer.
Indications: viscous mucus secretions due to pneumonia, emphysema, bronchitis, cystic fibrosis
Side effects: pharyngitis, oral mucosa inflammation, rhinitis, chest pain
Examples: Pulmozyme, Mucosil or Mucomyst
