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NPTE Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems > Common Laboratory Values > Flashcards

Common Laboratory Values Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of collecting arterial blood gases (ABGs)?

A

Collected to evaluate the acid base status (pH), ventilation (PaCO2), and oxygenation in arterial blood (PaO2)

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2
Q

What are the normal values for SpO2, PaO2, PaCO2 and pH?

A 
SpO2= 98-100%
PaO2 = 80-100 mmHg
PaCO2 = 35-45 mmHg
pH = 7.35-7.45
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3
Q

What level of SpO2 usually requires supplemental oxygen?

A

Below 88-90%

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4
Q

List 2 conditions that results in an increase in PaCO2.

A

COPD

Hypoventilation

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5
Q

List 4 conditions that result in a decrease in PaCO2.

A

Hyperventilation
Pregnancy
Pulmonary embolism
Anxiety

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6
Q

What is the difference between acidemia and alkalemia?

A 
Acidemia = elevated acidity of the blood (pH < 7.35)
Alkalemia = decreased acidity of the blood (pH > 7.45)
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7
Q

What is the difference between eucapnia, hypercapnia and hypocapnia?

A 
Eucapnia = normal level of CO2 blood (35-45mmHg) 
Hypercapnia = high level of CO2 in blood ( > 45 mmHg)
Hypocapnia = low level of CO2 in blood (< 35  mmHg)
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8
Q

What PaO2 levels classify mild, moderate and severe hypoxemia?

A

Hypoxemia = low level of O2 in arterial blood (< 80 mmHg)

Mild = PaO2 60-79 mmHg
Moderate = PaO2 40-59 mmHg
Severe = PaO2 < 40 mmHg
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9
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Low level of O2 in the tissue despite adequate perfusion of the tissue

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10
Q

REMINDER TO REVIEW ABG CALCULATIONS FOR ACIDOSIS AND ALKALOSIS.

A

REVIEW PAGE 410 IN SCOREBUILDERS

VERY IMPORTANT

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11
Q

What PaCO2 and pH values indicate respiratory/metabolic acidosis versus alkalosis?

A

PaCO2 > 45mmHg and pH <7.4 = respiratory acidosis
PaCO2 > 45mmHg and pH > 7.4 = retention of CO2 to compensate for metabolic alkalosis
PaCO2 < 45mmHg and pH > 7.4 = respiratory alkalosis
PaCO2 < 45mmHg and pH < 7.4 = elimination of CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis

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12
Q

What are the normal values for HCO3-? What do they indicate?

A

22-26 mEq/L

Indicates no primary metabolic problem and no metabolic compensation for a respiratory problem

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13
Q

What HCO3- and pH values indicate respiratory/metabolic acidosis versus alkalosis?

A

HCO3- < 22 mEq/L and pH < 7.4 = metabolic acidosis
HCO3- < 22 mEq/L > 7.4 = renal compensation for respiratory alkalosis
HCO3- > 22 mEq/L > 7.4 = metabolic alkalosis
HCO3- > 22 mEq/L < 7.4 = renal compensation for respiratory acidosis

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14
Q

What are the normal values for prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT)?

A

Prothrombin time = 11-15 sec

Partial thromboplastin time = 25-40 sec

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15
Q

What are the normal INR values for average adults?

A

INR = 0.9-1.1

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16
Q

What is the target INR for patients with DVTs, pulmonary embolism, mechanical valves, and atrial fibrillation on anticoagulation therapy?

A

Target INR = 2-3.5

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17
Q

What are the normal values for bleeding time and c-reactive proteins?

A

Bleeding time = 2-10 min

C-reactive proteins = <10mg/L

18
Q

Elevated levels of c-reactive proteins increase risk for developing ____. C-reactive protein levels > 100mg/L are associated with _____ and _____.

A

Increase risk for developing ATHEROSCLEROSIS

> 100mg/L = INFECTION AND INFLAMMATION

19
Q

What are the normal values for WBCs?

A

4300-10,800 cells/mm3

20
Q

List 4 instanced where WBCs may be elevated.

A

Infection
Inflammation
Leukemia
Lymphoma

21
Q

List 2 instances where WBCs may be decreased.

A

Aplastic anemia

B12 or folate deficiency

22
Q

What level of WBCs and absolute neutrophil count (ANCs) require the use of a mask when treating a patient?

A

WBCs < 1000-2000 cells/mm3

ANC < 500-1000

23
Q

What are the normal RBC values for males and females?

A 
Males = 4.6-6.2 10^6/uL
Females = 4.2-5.9 10^6/uL
24
Q

Elevated RBCs indicate ____ and decreased RBCs indicate ____.

A

Elevated RBCs = polycythemia

Decreased RBCs = anemia

25
Q

What are the normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values for males and females?

A

Males < 15 mm/hr

Female < 20 mm/hr

26
Q

List 4 conditions where erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be elevated.

A

Infection
Inflammation
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteomyelitis

27
Q

What are the normal hematocrit values for males and females?

A 
Males = 45-52% 
Females = 37%-48%
28
Q

List 3 conditions where hematocrit may be elevated.

A

Erythrocytosis
Dehydration
Shock

29
Q

List 2 conditions where hematocrit may be decreased.

A

Severe anemia

Acute hemorrhage

30
Q

What are the consequences of decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin?

A

Decreased exercise tolerance
Increased fatigue
Tachycardia

31
Q

What are the normal hemoglobin values for males and females?

A 
Male = 13-18 g/dL
Female = 12-16 g/dL
32
Q

List 3 conditions where hemoglobin may be elevated.

A

Polycythemia
Dehydration
Shock

33
Q

List 3 conditions where hemoglobin may be decreased.

A 
Anemia
Prolonged hemorrhage
RBC destruction (cancer, sickle cell disease)
34
Q

What WBC, hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are contraindicated for exercise?

A

WBC < 1000 = NO EXERCISE
Hemoglobin < 8 = NO EXERCISE
Hematocrit < 25% = NO EXERCISE

35
Q

What are the normal values for platelet count?

A

150,000-450,000 cells/mm3

36
Q

List 4 conditions that are associated with decreased platelet count.

A

Thrombocytopenia
Acute leukemia
Aplastic anemia
Cancer chemotherapy

37
Q

What platelet count values indicate light, moderate, or no exercise?

A

30,000-50,000 = moderate exercise
20,000-30,000 = light exercise only
< 20,000 = AROM, ADLs only

38
Q

What are the normal values for total cholesterol? What is considered borderline versus high?

A

Desirable < 200 mg/dL
Borderline 200-239 mg/dL
High > 240 mg/dL

39
Q

What are the normal values for LDL cholesterol? What is considered borderline versus high versus very high?

A

Optimal < 100 mg/dL
Borderline 130-159 mg/dL
High 160-189 mg/dL
Very high > 190 mg/dL

40
Q

What values are considered low versus high for HDL cholesterol?

A

Low < 40 mg/dL

High > 60 mg/dL

41
Q

What are the normal values for triglycerides? What is considered borderline versus high versus very high?

A

Desirable < 150 mg/dL
Borderline 150-199 mg/dL
High 200-499 mg/dL
Very high > 500 mg/dL

NPTE Cardiovascular And Pulmonary Systems (15 decks)

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