A&P Of The Cardiovascular System Flashcards
The ____ is the lowest part of the heart. Where is it located?
Apex
Located to the left of the 5th intercostal space and left mid clavicular line
What 3 layers of tissue make up the heart? These 3 layers are surrounded by a connective tissue sac known as the _____.
- Endocardium
- Myocardium (muscle)
- Epicardium
Surrounded by the PERICARDIUM
The _____ is the largest artery, supplying ____ blood to the _____.
AORTA
OXYGENATED
BODY
The ____ aorta passes through the thorax and becomes the ____ aorta as it passes through the abdomen.
THORACIC
AORTIC
What 2 areas of the body does the INFERIOR vena cava return venous blood from?
Viscera and lower extremities
What 3 areas of the body does the SUPERIOR vena cava return venous blood from?
Head, neck, and upper extremities
The inferior and superior vena cavas return ____ blood to the ____ of the heart.
DEOXYGENATED
RIGHT ATRIUM
Describe the flow of blood through the heart. (12)
- Inferior/superior vena cava
- Right atrium
- Tricuspid valve
- Right ventricle
- Pulmonic valve
- Pulmonary arteries
- Pulmonary veins
- Left atrium
- Bicuspid valve
- Left ventricle
- Aortic valve
- Aorta
What are the 3 main branches of the right coronary artery?
- Sinus node artery
- Right marginal artery
- Posterior descending artery
What are the 2 main branches of the left coronary artery?
- Circumflex artery
2. Left anterior descending artery
What artery supplies the right atrium?
Sinus node artery
What artery supplies the right ventricle?
Right marginal artery
What artery supplies the left atrium and left ventricle?
Left anterior descending artery
What 2 arteries supply the interventricular septum?
- Posterior descending artery
2. Left anterior descending artery
What 3 vessels make up the coronary venous circulation?
- Coronary sinus
- Cardiac veins
- Thebesian veins
What is the normal pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial (SA) Node
What is intrinsic to the SA Node?
Cardiac automaticity
What 2 nerves converge to form the cardiac plexus at the base of the heart?
- Vagus nerve
2. Sympathetic cardiac nerves
The sympathetic influence is achieved by the release of _____ and _____.
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Sympathetic nerves stimulate the chambers of the heart to beat ____ ( ____ effect), and with ______ force of contraction ( ________ effect).
Faster (chronotropic effect)
Greater (inotropic)
The parasympathetic influence is achieved via _____ release from the _____ nerve.
Acetylcholine
Vagus
Parasympathetic nerves ___ the heart rate ( _____ effect) primarily through the influence of the ____.
Slow (chronotropic)
SA Node
What are baroreceptors?
Mechanoreceptors that detect change in pressure
What reflex is responsible for maintaining blood pressure?
Baroreceptor reflex