First Aid

Question 1

Minor bleeding typically clots within _____.

Answer 1

10 minutes

Question 2

What is the difference between arterial, venous and capillary bleeds?

Answer 2

Arterial bleeds = high pressure, spurting, red
Venous bleed = low pressure, steady flow, dark red or maroon blood
Capillary bleed = low pressure, oozing, dark red blood

Question 3

What should be done to control external bleeding? (3)

Answer 3

1. Standard precautions such as wearing gloves
2. Apply gauze pads using firm pressure
3. Elevate the affected part if possible unless it is deformed or it causes significant pain when elevated

Question 4

List 8 characteristics of severe internal bleeding.

Answer 4

1. Ecchymosis in the injured area
2. Body part may be swollen, tender and firm
3. Respiratory rate is increased
4. Pulse rate is increased and weak
5. Blood pressure is decreased
6. Patient may be nauseated or vomit
7. Patient may exhibit restlessness or anxiety
8. Level of consciousness may decline

Question 5

What is shock (hypoperfusion)? What happens when the body goes into shock? (5)

Answer 5

Failure of the circulatory system to perfuse vital organs

1. At first, blood is shunted from the periphery to compensate
2. Patient may lose consciousness as the brain is affected
3. Heart rate increases, resulting in increased oxygen demand
4. Organs ultimately fail when deprived of oxygen
5. Heart rhythm is affected, ultimately leading to cardiac arrest and death

Question 6

List 7 signs and symptoms associated with shock.

Answer 6

1. Pale, gray or blue, cool skin
2. Increased, weak pulse
3. Increased respiratory rate
4. Decreased blood pressure
5. Irritability or restlessness
6. Diminishing level of consciousness
7. Nausea or vomiting