Pharmacodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following best describes pharmacodynamics?
a) The study of drug interactions with the body
b) The study of drug effects on the body
c) The study of drug metabolism in the body
d) The study of drug distribution in the body

A

b) The study of drug effects on the body

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of drug action?
a) Receptor interactions
b) Enzyme interactions
c) Physical interactions
d) Pharmacokinetic interactions

A

d) Pharmacokinetic interactions

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3
Q

Drugs exert their effects on the body primarily by:
a) Altering genetic makeup
b) Modifying cellular structure
c) Interacting with molecular targets
d) Enhancing organ function

A

c) Interacting with molecular targets

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4
Q

The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its:
a) Efficacy
b) Safety margin
c) Duration of action
d) Absorption rate

A

b) Safety margin

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5
Q

Which factor can influence the pharmacodynamic response to a drug?
a) Gender
b) Blood type
c) Hair color
d) Shoe size

A

a) gender

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6
Q

Age-related changes in physiology can affect drug response primarily by:
a) Increasing drug metabolism
b) Decreasing receptor sensitivity
c) Enhancing drug excretion
d) Facilitating drug absorption

A

b) Decreasing receptor sensitivity

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7
Q

Genetic differences between individuals can impact drug response by affecting:
a) Drug metabolism
b) Drug distribution
c) Drug excretion
d) Drug absorption

A

a) Drug metabolism

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8
Q

Which of the following is an example of a pharmacodynamic drug interaction?
a) Grapefruit juice inhibiting drug metabolism
b) Antacids reducing drug absorption
c) NSAIDs increasing the risk of bleeding with anticoagulants
d) Antibiotics altering gut flora

A

NSAIDs increasing the risk of bleeding with anticoagulants

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9
Q

Placebo effects are an example of which factor influencing pharmacodynamics?
a) Genetic variability
b) Psychological factors
c) Disease states
d) Drug interactions

A

b) Psychological factors

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10
Q

Which of the following is NOT a receptor type involved in pharmacodynamic interactions?
a) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
b) Enzyme receptors
c) Ligand-gated ion channels
d) Voltage-gated ion channels

A

b) Enzyme receptors

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11
Q

The phenomenon where prolonged exposure to a drug leads to reduced response over time is known as:
a) Tolerance
b) Sensitization
c) Potentiation
d) Dependence

A

a) Tolerance

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12
Q

Which term describes the maximal effect a drug can produce, regardless of dose?
a) Potency
b) Efficacy
c) Selectivity
d) Affinity

A

Answer: b) Efficacy

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13
Q

Which factor is NOT considered when determining a drug’s therapeutic index?
a) Toxicity
b) Efficacy
c) Route of administration
d) Side effects

A

Answer: c) Route of administration

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14
Q

Which of the following drugs would likely have the narrowest therapeutic index?
a) Warfarin
b) Acetaminophen
c) Ibuprofen
d) Aspirin

A

a) Warfarin

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15
Q

Which term describes the time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after administration?
a) Onset of action
b) Duration of action
c) Half-life
d) Peak plasma concentration

A

a) Onset of action

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16
Q

List the 4 main types of receptors and their time of actions

A

Ligand gated ion channel- milliseconds,
G protein coupled receptors: seconds
Receptor kinases: Hours
Nuclear receptors (DNA)- Hours to days.

17
Q

Affinity in response to Kd- concentration at which half of the drug is bound to the receptor

A

Affinity = 1/Kd

18
Q

How does EC50 correlate to potency?

A

The lower the EC50, the higher the potency.

19
Q

Emax refers to?

A

The maximal response elicited by the drug

20
Q

What has the same EC50 but different maximal response

A

When there is a non-competitive antagonist with the agonist.