Hyperlipidemia Pharmacology Flashcards
Which class of drugs primarily targets the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase to reduce cholesterol synthesis?
a) Fibric acid derivatives
b) Bile acid sequestrants
c) Statins
d) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Statins
Ezetimibe primarily works by inhibiting which process?
a) Cholesterol absorption in the intestine
b) Hepatic cholesterol synthesis
c) LDL receptor degradation
d) Triglyceride synthesis
a) Cholesterol absorption in the intestine
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with fibric acid derivatives?
a) Myopathy
b) Hepatotoxicity
c) Flushing
d) Gallstones
Answer: d) Gallstones
Which drug class enhances the clearance of LDL cholesterol by increasing the number of LDL receptors on hepatocytes?
a) PCSK9 inhibitors
b) Bile acid sequestrants
c) Fibrates
d) Nicotinic acid derivatives
a) PCSK9 inhibitors
The main mechanism of action of bile acid sequestrants involves:
a) Inhibition of cholesterol synthesis
b) Inhibition of cholesterol absorption
c) Increased conversion of cholesterol to bile acids
d) Sequestration of bile acids in the intestine
d) Sequestration of bile acids in the intestine
Which of the following drugs may increase HDL cholesterol levels?
a) Statins
b) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Fibrates
d) Bile acid sequestrants
c) Fibrates
Which drug class is contraindicated in patients with active liver disease?
a) Statins
b) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Bile acid sequestrants
d) Fibric acid derivatives
d) Fibric acid derivatives
Which of the following is a potential adverse effect associated with statin therapy?
a) Hyperglycemia
b) Thrombocytopenia
c) Hypertension
d) Rhabdomyolysis
d) Rhabdomyolysis
Which drug class acts by binding to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption, and promoting their excretion?
a) Statins
b) PCSK9 inhibitors
c) Fibrates
d) Bile acid sequestrants
d) Bile acid sequestrants
Which of the following drugs inhibits cholesterol absorption by blocking the NPC1L1 transporter in the small intestine?
a) Fenofibrate
b) Ezetimibe
c) Gemfibrozil
d) Colesevelam
Answer: b) Ezetimibe
Which lipid-lowering agent is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α) agonist?
a) Fenofibrate
b) Gemfibrozil
c) Clofibrate
d) Bezafibrate
a) Fenofibrate
Which cholesterol drug cannot be used in pregnancy
Statins. Fibrates
Which cholesterol drug causes gallstones
Fibrates
What is the common side effects of most cholesterol medication (statin and fibrates)
Myalgia, rhabdomyolysis and skin rash
Which 2 drugs causes steatorrhea?
Bile acid resin and Ezetimibe
What are the side effects of bile acid resins
1). Diarrhoea (i.e. Steatorrhoea): Due to the high amount of fat in the small intestines.
3). Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
2). Constipation: Due to their Bulkiness.
4). Bloating
5). Impairs Fat-Soluble Vitamin (A, D, E, K) Absorption causing vitamin deficiency.
What are the side effects of ezetimibe
1). Diarrhoea (i.e. Steatorrhoea): Due to the high amount of fat in the small intestines.
2). Abdominal Pain: Due to the high amount of fat in the small intestines.
3). Headache
4). Rash
5). Angioedema
Side effects of statins
- Mild hepatotoxicity
2) Myalgia (Muscle Aches and Pain)
3). Gastrointestinal Problems (Abdominal Cramps, Constipation and Diarrhea)
4). Insomnia
5). Skin Rash
6). Myopathy (Rhabdomyolysis)
Side effects of fibrates
1). Gastrointestinal Problems (Nausea)
2). Skin Itchiness (Pruritus) and Rash
5). Myopathy (Rhabdomyolysis)
4). Myositis (Muscle Inflammation)
3). Gallstones: Due to decreased production of bile acids, which causes the cholesterol to precipitate in the gallbladder
Side effects of PCSK9
1). Injection Site Inflammatory Reactions (Redness, Itchiness, Swelling and Pain)
2.Increased Risk of Infections (Upper Respiratory Tract and Urinary Tract Infections)
3. Increased Incidence of Nasopharyngitis and Sinusitis
Which statins have a longer half life
Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin have long half-lives (t1/2:20hrs) and can be taken at other times of the day to optimize
compliance.
