Pharma Halo-halo 7 Flashcards
Piroxicam class
nonselective NSAID
- ibuprofen
- indomethacin
- ketorolac
unfamiliar nsaids
piroxicam phenylbutazone diclofenac nabumetone tolmetin
“PaPa, DoN’T”
drugs used for alcohol dependence
“Do Not SMB”
Disulfiram
Naltrexone
SSRI
Mixed agonist-antagonist (Buprenorphine, NALBUPHINE…)
Bupropion (antidepressant, DNRI, also for smoking cessation)
drugs used for smoking cessation
“LoVeR Boy”
Lobeline
Varenicline (nicotine)
Rimonabant
Bupropion (anti-depressant, DNRI)
what are drugs for obesity
Sibutramine (SNRI? anorectic effect)
Orlistat (inhibits lipases)
Rimonabant
what is rimonabant
MOA: selectively blocks cannabinoid-1 (CB-1 receptors
-reduces appetitis (anorectice effect
USES
- obesity
- smoking cessation
- drug addiction
S/E
- suicidality
- depression
- nausea
Suicide inhibitors
bind irreversibly to metabolizing enzymes
“FPANESS”
Fluroxene PTU Allopurinol Norethindrone Ethinyl estradiol Spironolactone Secobarbital
drugs that can cause suicidal ideation
“GunneRRSS” Guanethidine (blocks NE vesicular release) Rimonabant (CB-1 blocker) Reserpine (VMAT blocker) Sedative-hypnotic withdrawal SNRI
DOC for suicidal schizophrenia
clozapine
opioid commonly used in suicide
propoxyphene
decongestnt, topical
phenylephrine
oxymetazoline
decongestant, systemic
phenylephrine
pseudoephedrine
guaifenesin MOA
expectorant
may act as an irritant to gastric vagal receptors, and recruit efferent parasympathetic reflexes that cause glandular exocytosis of a LESS VISCOUS mucus mixture
antitussive
butamirate (central, non-opioid) codeine (cetral) †dextromethorphan (central) Levopropoxyphene Levodropropizine (peripheral) levorphanol? Noscapine
†dextromethorphan banned in <6 y/o (increasing reports of deaths)
†dextromethorphan: methylated derivative of LEVORPHANOL
mucolytic
acetylcysteine ambroxol bromhexine carbocisteine Erdosteine
MOA: reduce disulfide bridges that bind glycoproteins to other proteins such as albumin
remarks on lagundi
vitex negundo
- MOA: PDE 3 inhibitor
- inhibits Ca++ entry (acts as CCB), which partly explains its bronchodilatory effect
- COX2 inhibitor
peripherally acting antitussive
LEVODROPROPIZINE
-modulates C-fiber activity
MOA of NAC in acetaminophen toxicity
NAC converts back the oxidized GLUTATHIONE to the REDUCED FORM the works as ANTIOXIDANT to counteract the reactive metabolite of acetaminophen known as NAPQ1 (free radical)
effects of dopamine receptor blockade
“DATE HoN”
dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions)
akathisia (urge to move)
tardive dyskinesia (involuntary movements)
†EPS
hyperprolactinemia
neuroleptic malignant syndrome
(such as in Haloperidol)
†EPS: dystonia, akathisia, tremor, tardive dyskinesia
what is zolpidem
†MISCELLANEOUS SEDATIVE-HYPNOTIC
- one of the newer hypnotics
- acts on GABA-A
- for insomnia and sleep disorders
- S/E: day-after psychomotor depression, few amnestic effects, dizziness (FALLS, ACCIDENTS), dependnce liability
- antidote: also FLUMAZENIL
†also include buspirone, chloral hydrate, eszopiclone, zaleplon, ramelteon (melatonist agonist)
newer hypnotic that has little effect on total sleep time, NREM, or REM sleep
Zaleplon
most common reversible cause of confusional states in the elderly
overuse of sedative-hypnotics
Peripheral metabolism of L-DOPA
via DOPA decarboxylase to dopamine
-enz inhibited by CARBIDOPA
via COMT to 3-O-methyldopa
-enz inhibited by ªENTACAPONE, †TOLCAPONE
ªentacapone is preferred bec it has NOT been assoc’d with hepatotoxicty
ªentacapone needs to be taken WITH EACH DOSE of levodopa, up to 6x daily
†tolcapone also has CENTRAL effects
s/e of COMT inhibitors
orange urine
tolcapone: liver toxicity (assoc’d with acute hepatic failure)
what is anhedonia
lack of pleasure or the capacity to experience it
drugs that cause mental depression
methyldopa analogs of FSH/LH asparaginase reserspine Rimonabant cocaine withdrawal COC Cyproterone Finasteride interferon-α nicotine
