Pharma Halo-halo 5 Flashcards
treatment of choice for women with idiopathic hirsutism
spironolactone (Lobo, US)
pure androgen blocker
flutamide
major concern for flutamide
hepatotoxicity
Finasteride moa
5 α-reductase
used as 2nd line tx for hirsutism
Side effects of spironolactone
“CaKe ni MG”
Cardiac arrhythmias
hyperKalemia
Menstrual abnormalities
Gynecomastia
brother of spironolactone
Epleronone
- more selective than spironolactone
- no reported effects on androgen receptors
- m/c toxicity: hyperkalemia
progestin that antagonizes the effcts of aldosterone
Drospirenone
MOA of meperidine
strong agonist at µ and K receptors
has muscarinic blocking actions
S/E of meperidine
seizures (via its metabolite, normeperidine)
delirium ⭐️
typical antipsychotics
chlorpromazine (low potency)
fluphenazine
thiothixene
haloperidol (high potency; EPS)
- D2 antagonist
- addresses POSITIVE symptoms (hallucination) of schizophrenia
remarks on chlorpromazine
more likely to cause dedation and postural hypotension (due to alpha receptor blockade)
atypical antipsychhotics
clozapine loxapine olanzapine quitiapine ziprasidone aripiprazole RISPERIDONE
“CLOQZAR”
atypical antipsychotic that has highest propensity for causing hyperprolactinemia
risperidone
atypical antipsychotic that is the only one approved for schizophrenia in the youth
risperidone
atypical antipsychotic that has the least likely chance to cause tardive dyskinesia
quitiapine and clozapine
atypical antipsychotic that has least sedating effect
aripiprazole
no atropine-like effeccts
atypical antipsychotic that can cause agranulocytosis
clozapine
2% of patients
atypical antipsychotic that can cause lowering of seizure threshold
clozapine
olanzapine
(dose-related)
atypical antipsychotic that can cause QT prolongation
Ziprasidone
side effects of cimetidine
“PaHaBol” ng sim
nosocomial Pneumonia (in critically ill patients) mental status changes (confusion, Hallucination ⭐️, agitation;ICU and elderly) Bradycardia (rapid IV infusion)
how does cimetidine cause gynecomastia?
inhibits binding of dihydrotestosterone to androgen receptors
inhibits metabolism of estradiol
increases prolactin levels
electrolyte abnormalities that can cause QT prolongation
*HYPOKALEMIA
(broat flat T waves, ST depression, QT PROLONGATION; most marked at K<2.7)
HYPOCALCEMIA
HYPOMAGNESEMIA (<0.8mmol/L, LITFL, AHA)
- hypomagnesemic patients are clinically refractory to K+ replacement in the absence of Mg2+ repletion.
- Notably, magnesium deficiency is also a common concomitant of hypokalemia because many disorders of the distal nephron may cause both potassium and magnesium wasting
- magnesium deficiency is listed as a cause of increased renal K+ loss
