CNS drugs 2: anti-seizures Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of valproic acid

A
  1. reduces metabolism of GABA

2. Na channel blocker

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2
Q

Na channel blocker

A
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Valproic acid
Lamotrigine
Zonisamide
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3
Q

remarks on phentoin

A

Phenytoin

  • preferred in prolonged therapy for status epi bec it is less sedating
  • m/c s/e: diplopia, ataxia
  • s/e: GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA,fetal hydantoin syndrome (midfacial hypoplasia, hypoplasia of toenails and distal phalanges)
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4
Q

DOC for trigeminal neuralgia

A

CARBAMAZEPINE

  • structurally similar to phenytoin
  • m/c s/e: dipolpia, ataxia (just like phenytoin)
  • other s/e: SJS, rash (m/c idiosyncratic rxn), SPINA BIFIDA
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5
Q

DOC for seizures in infants

A

phenobarbital (Katzung)

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6
Q

first line in neuropathic pain (postherpetic neuralgia)

A

GABAPENTIN

  • GABA analogue
  • acts presynaptically to promote GABA release
  • blocks Ca++ channels
  • decreases glutamate release
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7
Q

remarks on lamotrigine

A

s/e: SJS/TEN

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8
Q

remarks on LEVETIRACETAM

A

MOA

  • selectively binds synaptic vesicular protein SV2A
  • modifies synaptic release of glutamate and GABA

drug interactions are minimal (NEITHER AN INDUCER NOR AN INHIBITOR)

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9
Q

antiseizure drugs that are monosaccharide derivatives

A

topiramate
felbamate

topiramate? is the antiseizure drug with the greatest number of MOA

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10
Q

fetal hydantoin syndrome

A

teratogenic effect of phenytoin

  • wide set eyes
  • upturned nose
  • mild midfacial hypoplasia
  • broad mandible
  • long upper lip with thin vermilion border
  • lower distal digital hypoplasia
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11
Q

DOC for Generalized tonic-clonic

A

valproic acid
phenytoin
carbamazepine

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12
Q

DOC for partial seizures

A

carbamazepine
lamotrigine
phenytoin

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13
Q

DOC for absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

valproic acid

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14
Q

DOC for myoclonic and atypical absence syndromes

A

valproic acid

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15
Q

DOC for status epilepticus

A

lorazepam
diazepam
phenytoin
phenobarbital

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16
Q

first-line for mania

A

valproic acid

17
Q

drugs for migraine

A

gabapentin
phhenytoin
topiramate