Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Pharm2 6 Neuro pt1 > Flashcards

Pharm2 6 Neuro pt1 Flashcards

1
Q

An action potential passing down an axon to the axon terminal changes the membrane potential resulting in ___ entry into the cell
This triggers the fusion of neuro-containing vesicles & cell membranes releasing neurochemical transmitters into the ____

A

Ca+2

synaptic cleft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do Neurotransmitters (and the drugs that mimic them) do? (4)

A

block the uptake of neurotransmitters
block the re-uptake of neurotransmitters
enhance the release of neurotransmitters
enhance the uptake of neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

as of yet, we cannot develop a drug that …

A

BLOCKS the RELEASE of of a neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

4 primary neurotransmitters

A

Norepinephrine (NE)
Acetylcholine (Ach)
Dopamine
Serotonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A Lot of Different Things Can Occur near the Synapse (7)

A

Stop nerve impulse transmission to synapse
Stop precursor or neurotransmitter (NT) synthesis
Bind to or inactivate NT in cleft
Block NT post-synaptic receptor attachment
Inhibit re-release of precursor or NT
Inhibit reabsorption of precursor or NT
Inhibit re-synthesis of NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Autonomic drugs are classified by

A

which receptor they act upon and either stimulate or block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

4 types of Autonomic drugs (and what they do)

A

Sympathomimetics (adrenergic-agonists) stimulate the sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight)
Parasympathomimetics (cholinergic-agonists) produce the R&R response
Adrenergic-blockers inhibit sympathetic nervous system producing actions opposite to sympathomimetics
Anti-cholinergics (cholinergic-blockers) inhibit parasympathetic nervous system producing actions opposite to parasympathomemetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

What’s the NT, Primary locations, Responses

A

Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
Parasympathetic target; organs other than the heart
Stimulation of smooth muscle; gland secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

What’s the NT, Primary locations, Responses

A

Acetylcholine (cholinergic)
Postganglionic neurons, skeletal muscle, neuromuscular junction
Stimulation of smooth muscle, gland secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Alpha1 Receptor

What’s the NT, Primary locations, Responses

A

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
All sympathetic target organs except the heart
Constrict blood vessels, dilate pupils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Alpha2 Receptor

What’s the NT, Primary locations, Responses

A

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
Pre-symaptic adrenergic nerve terminals
Inhibit release of norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Beta1 Receptor

What’s the NT, Primary locations, Responses

A

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
Heart & kidneys
Increase HR, force of contraction; Renin release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Beta2 Receptor

What’s the NT, Primary locations, Responses

A

Norepinephrine (adrenergic)
All sympathetic target organs except the heart
Inhibition of smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the prototypical parasympathomimetic?

A

bethanechol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Prototypical Parasympathomimetic: bethanechol (Urecholine®)

Indication, MoA

A

Indications: Urinary retention
Mechanism of action: Direct acting parasympathomimetic, intefering with Ach receptors resulting in smooth muscle contraction, stimulating urinary & GI tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bethanechol (Urecholine®)

Adverse fx, CI

A

Adverse Effects: abdominal cramping, N&V, increased salivation, sweating, hypotension, syncope
Contraindications: Allergy, asthma, CAD, obstructive uropathy, bradycardia, BPH, hypotension, epilepsy, Parkinson’s, peptic ulcer, inflammatory GI disorders

17
Q

What is the prototypical Anticholinergic?

A

Atropine sulfate

18
Q 
Atropine Sulfate (Atropine)
Indications
Mechanism of action
A

Indications: Bradycardia, facilitate ophthalmological exams, pre-anesthesia
Mechanism of action: Blocks Ach (muscarinic) receptors, induces symptoms of fight or flight, including increases heart rate, bronchodilation, decreases GI motility, mydriasis (pupilary dilation)

19
Q

Atropine Sulfate (Atropine)
Adverse Effects
Contraindications

A

Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, palpitations, constipation and GI obstruction, may precipitate acute narrow angle glaucoma
Contraindications: Allergy, tachycardia, arrhythmias, CAD, history of bowel obstruction, history of glaucoma

20
Q

What is the prototypical Sympathomimetic?

A

Albuterol Sulfate

21
Q 
Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil®)
Indications
Mechanism of action
A

Indications: Asthma, bronchospasm, reactive airway disease,

Mechanism of action: Selected Beta2-agonist, resulting in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation

22
Q

Albuterol Sulfate (Proventil®)
Adverse Effects
Contraindications

A

Adverse Effects: Tachycardia, tremor, headache, hyperactivity, paradoxical bronchospasm, avoid with MAOIs, antagonized by beta-blockers
Contraindications: Allergy, arrhythmias, severe CAD/HTN

23
Q

What is the prototypical beta Adrenergic-Blocker?

A

Metoprolol

24
Q

metoprolol (Lopressor®)
Indications
Mechanism of action

A

Indications: Hypertension, tachyarrhythmias, AMI mortality reduction, AMI prophylaxis, angina prophylaxis
Mechanism of action: Inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, specifically by blocking beta-1 receptors primarily in the heart

25
Q

metoprolol (Lopressor®)
Adverse Effects
Contraindications

A

Adverse Effects: Bradycardia, bronchospasm, fatigue, dizziness, depression, anhedonia, impotence
Contraindications: Severe bradycardia, 2nd/3rd degree heart block, overt CHF, cardiogenic shock, bronchospastic disease

26
Q

What is the prototypical alpha Adrenergic blocker?

A

Doxazocin

27
Q

Doxazocin (Cardura®)
Indications
Mechanism of action

A

Indications: Hypertension, BPH
Mechanism of action: Inhibit the sympathetic nervous system, specifically by selectively blocking alpha1 receptors primarily in vascular smooth muscle, dilating both arteries and veins as well as relaxing smooth muscle surrounding the prostate

28
Q

Doxazocin (Cardura®)
Adverse Effects
Contraindications

A

Adverse Effects: Syncope, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, esp. with first does and increasing doses
Contraindications: Allergy, hypotension,

29
Q

How do SSRI’s work?

A

Calcium fires to the end of a synapse, and NT in the synapse containing serotonin. The next nerve signals to send more Ca++

30
Q

Why does Bethenechol worsen asthma?

A

Because of all the secretion of fluids (in mouth, lungs)

31
Q

Why is CAD a contraindication for Bethanechol?

A

b/c they’ll be hypotensive and have coronary ischemia

32
Q

What is obstructive uropathy (a CI for Bethanechol)

A

a kidney stone in their urethra

33
Q

Why would you give Atropine in IV form? (2)

A

bradycardiia

tiny dose to dry up your mouth prior to anesthesia so you’re not choking on your own secretions.

34
Q

Give a tiny dose of what to prevent a patient from choking on their own secretions while they are under anesthesia

A

Atropine sulfate

35
Q

What is used to stop premature labor?

A

Albuterol sulfate

Pharmacology (54 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions