Pharm 4 Resp pt1

Question 1

Only drug that treats anaphylaxis is

Answer 1

Epinephrine

Question 2

Dual-Phase Allergic Reaction:
What triggers immediate reaction?
What triggers the late reaction?

Answer 2

The immediate allergic reaction is triggered by reexposure to an antigen
The late reaction occurs in50% of persons with seasonal allergic rhinitis who have been exposed to a nasal challenge.

Question 3

What happening during the Immediate-reaction (of the Dual-Phase Allergic Reaction)?

Answer 3

The mast cells degranulate, basophils are activated, and both release inflammatory mediators, which collectively produce the nasal end-organ changes appearing clinically as itching, sneezing, rhinorrhea, congestion, and hives.

Question 4

What happening during the late reaction (of the Dual-Phase Allergic Reaction)?

Answer 4

The late reaction is initiated with an influx of eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, and mononuclear cells into the nasal mucosa
Late inflammatory events include further release of mediators, hyper- responsiveness to irritants, and priming – heightened sensitivity to antigen

Question 5

URIs are primarily __ in etiology

Answer 5

Viral

Question 6

2 common complications of allergic rhinitis

Answer 6

Acute sinusitis

Otitis media

Question 7

All year-around allergies, such as cat & dog allergies are known as:

Answer 7

Perennial

Question 8

Most ppl have already tried otc drugs before they came to you. They’re here b/c it didn’t work for them. So you wouldn’t want to ___

Answer 8

Wouldn’t want to prescribe a drug in that same class . It’d fail too.

Question 9

Seasonal allergic rhinitis is usually caused by allergy to:

Spring? Summer? Fall?

Answer 9

Pollen
Spring: Trees
Summer: Grasses
Fall: Ragweed

Question 10

Perennial allergic rhinitis is usually caused by allergy to (3)

Answer 10

dust, molds, or mites

Question 11

What are the symptoms of Perennial allergic rhinitis like?

Answer 11

very similar to URI symptoms except that they may be more severe, more persistent and can be related to exposure to allergens

Question 12

Vasomotor rhinitis is an allergy to what?

Answer 12

commonly caused by perfumes, fragrances, smoke, pollution

Question 13

6 classes of URI & Allergic Rhinitis Meds

Answer 13

Decongestants
Antihistamines
Intranasal Steroids
Intranasal cromolyn
Antitussives
Expectorants

Question 14

Antitussives & Expectorants are for:

Answer 14

coughs.

Question 15

How does the body get an allergic reaction?

Answer 15

Allergens are cumulative. You must reach a threshold to have an allergic reaction, and 2 different minor allergies simultaneously can reach that threshold.
(2 different allergies below threshold can stack together to reach allergy threshold)

Question 16

alpha-adrenergic Activities (4)

Answer 16

Vasoconstriction of arterioles, leading to increased blood pressure
Dilation of pupils
Intestinal relaxation
Bladder sphincter contraction

Question 17

beta-adrenergic important info:

Answer 17

Just because a drug is beta-2, it still has some beta-1 properties.
Rainbow analogy: Tell me where the purple becomes blue.. you can’t it spills over into the other receptor.

Question 18

Beta-1 adrenergic Activities (2)

Answer 18

Cardio-acceleration

Increased myocardial contractility

Question 19

Beta-2 adrenergic Activities (4)

Answer 19

Vasodilation of skeletal muscle
Bronchodilation
Uterine relaxation
Bladder relaxation

Question 20

Sympathomimetics amines that act to: (biological)

Answer 20

Decongrestant effects:
stimulate a-adrenergic receptors of vascular smooth muscle causing vasoconstriction, have pressor effects, nasal decongestion, contraction of GI and urinary sphincters, pupil dilation, and decreased pancreatic b-cell secretion

Question 21

Pseudoepheddrine has _-adgrenergic properties

Answer 21

Primarily Alpha and also Beta-adrenergic properties

Question 22

Sympathomimetics would NOT be prescribed in patients with what? (4), due to its effects.

Answer 22

Benign prosthetic hypertrophy – they will go into urinary retension and will need catheterization.
Cardiac problems
Hypertension
Glaucoma, or glaucoma-like sx

Question 23

*Which of the following classes of drugs might cause (glaucoma-like) symptoms?

Answer 23

Pseudophedrine

Question 24

Prototypical Nasal Decongestant

Indication, Preg Category, Other info

Answer 24

Azelastine  HCl
Indications: seasonal allergic rhinitis
Avoid eyes
Pregnancy Cat. C
Nursing mothers
Potentiates CNS depression w/ ETOH
Serum levels increased by cimetidine
Not recommended in peds
Bitter taste, Somnolence (drowsy), Headache, Weight increase - "no idea why", Nasal mucosa burning, Sneezing, Nausea

Question 25

What is Azelastine?

Answer 25

An anthistamine with decongestant properties