Pharm 3 Topical Agents pt4 Flashcards
What causes scabies to itch?
It is the fecal matter that causes the itching
What is scabies’ characteristic rash?
characteristic rash of localized burrows in the finger webs, on the flexor aspects of the wrists and penis
Using gloves and a magnifying glass, look for the dark point at the end of the burrow (the mite)
What is a vital thing to do if someone has scabies/pediculosis?
Scrupulous cleaning of the environment, including any infected brushes, combs, clothing, linens and contact surfaces is vital
Prototypical Scabicide/Pediculide
Example
Indication
How’s it work?
Example: Permethrin (Elimite)
Indication: a synthetic pyrethroid indicated for the use against lice, mites, ticks, fleas
Causes paralysis of the pests
Scabicide/Pediculide Administration
massage into skin from head to soles of feet. LEAVE ON FOR 8-14 HOURS AND WASH OFF COMPLETELY
Scabicide/Pediculide Cautions
Contraindicated in patients w/ hypersensitivity to synthetic pyrethrin or CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Otic preparations fall into one of six categories (or some combination of those categories):
Antibacterials Antifungals Steroids Astringents Analgesics/anesthetics Wax softeners
Otic Antibiotic Preparations
Example
Indication
Cautions/contraindications
Example: Oflaxacin otic (Floxin otic)
Indication: susceptible bacterial infections of the external auditory canal, especially acute otitis externa
Cautions/contraindications: Pregnancy Category C, hypersensitivity to quinolones. Probably wouldn’t use this in a pregnant patient.
Antifungal/Astringent Combination
Examples (2)
Indication
Contraindication
It’s very rare to get a fungal infection in the ear.
Example: Acetic acid, propylene glycol diacetate (Volsol)
Indication: superficial fungal infections of the external auditory canal
Contraindications: perforated TM
Antibiotic/Steroid Otic Preparations
Examples (3)
Indication
Contraindications/precautions
Example: Polymyxin B sulfate, neomycin, hydrocortisone (Cortisporin otic) solution and suspension
Indication: susceptible superficial infections of the external auditory canal, esp. otitis externa
Contraindications/precautions: cutaneous viral infections, esp. herpes simplex, varicella zoster, perforated TM (with solution only)- (you can use suspension still).
Otic Analgesic/Anesthetic
Example
Indication
Contraindication
Example: Antipyrine with benzocaine in glycerine (Auralgan)
Indications: analgesia in acute otalgia, especially otitis media
Contraindications: perforated TM
Otic Preparations: Wax Softener
Example
Indication
Contraindication’
Example: Carbamide peroxide 6.5% (Debrox)
Indicated for softening and removal of impacted cerumen
Contraindicated with perforated tympanic membranes
What works equally effectively as a wax softener as Carbamide peroxide (Debrox)?
Hydrogen peroxide works equally effectively.
4 categories of intra-oral preparations
Antifungals
Antivirals
Gingivitis and prophylaxis
Palliative combinations
Intra-oral Antifungal Preparations
Example
Indication
Example: Nystatin (Mycostatin)
Indication: oral candidiasis (thrush) and prophylaxis in profoundly immunocompromised patients
Who gets Thrush? (2)
What’s a medication for it?
Profoundly immunocompromised: A patient the day after receiving chemo.
Thrush is seen in HIV, Diabetics, ppl who take corticosteroids who don’t rinse their mouth out afterwards, and KIDS.
Tx: Nystatin
Intra-oral Preparations
Example
indication
How to apply
Example: Pencyclovir (Denavir)
Indication: herpes labialis
Apply sparingly using a Q-tip to affected area every 2 hours while awake for 4 days
What’s a drug for Gingivitis, if a patient is mentally challenged to the point where they have poor hygine..or the elderly.
Chlorhexidine (Peridex)
“Magic Mouthwash”
What is it? (3 parts)
Indication?
equal parts Benadryl, Maalox, and viscous Lidocaine
Maalox has soothing qualities
Viscous Lidocaine: a topical anesthetic
Indication: analgesia for intra- and peri-oral lesions, esp. gingival stomatitis
3 categories of vaginal preparations
Antifungals
Antibiotics
Antiprotazoals
Vaginal Antifungal Preparations
Example
What forms it’s available in (2)
Indication
Example: Clotrimazole (Gyne-lotrimin)
Available in creams and suppository
Indication: susceptible vaginal fungal infections caused by Candida albicans and non—albican infections
What drug is meant for pregnant women who have BV?
Clindamycin phosphate (Cleocin cream 2%)
Vaginal Antibiotic Preparations
Example
Indication
Example: Clindamycin phosphate (Cleocin cream 2%)
This is for women who have BV when they’re pregnant.
Vaginal Antiprotozoal Preparations
Example
Indication
Example: metronidazole (MetroGel vaginal gel 0.75%)
Used for pregnant women with trichomonas.
3 vaginal preparation pearls
Treat all partners as well as your patient
Refrain from all forms of intercourse until completing entire course of medication and patient has recheck examination
Consider DM, HIV in patients with recurrent Candida infections
