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PHARM: Viral Based Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What diseases is acyclovir used to treat?

A

Varicella Zoster

Varicella chicken pox

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2
Q

What diseases is cidofovir used to treat?

A

Pox virus family
HHV-6
HHV-7
HHV-8

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3
Q

What diseases is famciclovir used to treat?

A

Varicella Zoster

HHV-8

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4
Q

What diseases is forscarnet used to treat?

A

HHV-6

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5
Q

What diseases is ganciclovir used to treat?

A

HHV-6
HHV-8
HHV-8 infection

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6
Q

What diseases is valacyclovir used to treat?

A

Varicella Zoster
Varicella chicken pox
HHV-8

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7
Q

What diseases is valganciclovir used to treat?

A

HHV-6

HHV-8 infection

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8
Q

What is famciclovir metabolized to?

A

penciclovir

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9
Q

What disease is penciclovir used to treat?

A

herpes labialis

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10
Q

What is the MOA of all the anti-virals of this block except for cidofovir and forscarnet?

A

Competitive inhibition of viral DNA polymerase (competes with deoxyguanosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA)

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11
Q

What is the MOA of cidofovir?

A

competitively inhibits viral DNA polymerase; competes with deoxycytosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA

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12
Q

What is the MOA of forscarnet?

A

selectively inhibits viral-specific DNA polymerases and reverse transciptases at pyrophosphate-binding site (blocks chain elongation)

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13
Q

What two antivirals that we are studying DO NOT require phosphorylation to be activated?

A

cidofovir

forscarnet

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14
Q

What is the method of elimination of all of the anti-virals for this block?

A

renal elimination (dose adjustment for renal filure)

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15
Q

What drugs work against kinase-deficient virus strains?

A

cidofovir and forscarnet

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16
Q

What drugs do not have cross-hypersensitivity with other anti-virals (due to similar structure)?

A

cidofovir and forscarnet

17
Q

What is the toxicity of acyclovir and valacyclovir?

A

neurotoxicity (seizures)

18
Q

What is the toxicity of ganciclovir and valganciclovir?

A 
Anemia
Leukopenia
Neutropenia
Pancytopenia
Thrombocytopenia
TERATOGEN
19
Q

What is the toxicity of cidofovir?

A

Nephrotoxicity (monitor creatinine and urinary protein); probenecid hypersensitivity

20
Q

Why is probenecid given with cidofovir?

A

to minimize potential for renal toxicity

21
Q

What is the toxicity of forscarnet?

A

electrolyte impalance (chelates calcium ions)

22
Q

What is the best tolerated anti-viral (lowest toxicity)?

A

famciclovir

DERM (17 decks)

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