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DERM > Autoimmune Blistering Disorders > Flashcards

Autoimmune Blistering Disorders Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is bullous impetigo caused by?

A

staph

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2
Q

How is bullous impetigo regular than regular impetigo?

A
  • Bullous is localized and one continuous vesicles

- Regular has the honey-colored crust

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3
Q

How do you tell bullous impetigo from herpes?

A

Herpes will be multiple small vesicles (rather than one large vesicle)

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4
Q

What is the real name for shingles?

A

herpes zoster virus (VZV)

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5
Q

How do you differentiate shingles from allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Shingles are unilateral and dermatomal!

papules and plaques that progress to blisters

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6
Q

What is dyshidrosis?

A

Form of atopic dermatitis with tapioca pudding vesicles on the sides of the fingers. Recurrent and extremely itchy.

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7
Q

What is the differential for dyshidrosis?

A

Scabies

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8
Q

What is a classic finding in scalded skin syndome?

A

-Perioral fissuring (erythema all over the mouth with scales)

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9
Q

What is the real name for chicken pox?

A

Varicella zoster (VZV)

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10
Q

What virus causes fever blisters?

A

HSV1

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11
Q

What virus causes genital herpes?

A

HSV2

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12
Q

What occurs with the first exposure of HSV-1?

A

Painful vesicles on labial mucosa and may have fever

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13
Q

What occurs with eruptions of HSV-1?

A

Recurrent orolabial herpes localized area of vesicles on erythematous base

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14
Q

What occurs with primary HSV-2?

A

Bilateral erosions, inguinal LAD

Rarely have aseptic meningitis

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15
Q

How are recurrences of HSV-2 different than primary?

A

they are less severe

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16
Q

How do people describe the morphology of chicken pox?

A

Dew drop on a rose petal (small single teardrop vesicles on erythematous base)

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17
Q

What are some complications of chicken pox?

A

Bacterial pneumonia
ATaxia and encephalitis
Myocarditis
Hepatitis

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18
Q

What is Reye syndrome?

A

Varicella, hepatitis, acute encephalopathy when symptoms of varicella are treated with aspirin in children

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19
Q

What are some adverse effects of shingles?

A

Blindness
Bell’s Palsy
Encephalitis

20
Q

How do you treat HAV and VZV?

A

Acyclovir or Valacyclovir

dose depends on location, active lesions v. suppression, immunocompetence, etc.

21
Q

What is bullous pemphigoid?

A

autoantibodies to hemidesmosomes resulting in deep, tense bullae on an urticarial base.

22
Q

What is pemphigus vulgaris?

A

autoantibodies to desmogleins 1 and 3 resulting in superficial bullae and erosions.

23
Q

Where are hemidesmosomes located?

A

the dermal/epidermal junction

24
Q

Where are desmogleins located?

A

epidermis

25
Q

Who gets bullous pemphigoid?

A

65-75 year olds

26
Q

How do you diagnose bullous pemphigoid?

A

Linear IgG and C3 at dermoepidermal junction (Ab to BP230 and BP180) antigens at DEJ

27
Q

How do you treat bullous pemphigoid?

A
  • Topical steroids
  • Systemic steroids
  • TCN/nicinamide
  • Myocphenolate Mofetil
28
Q

How can you tell if a blister is tense?

A

If you see a blister full of fluid (looks like it is about to pop)!

29
Q

What are located in the blisters of bullous pemphigoid?

A

eosinophils

30
Q

How does pemphigus vulgaris present?

A

Look like erosions all over (flaccid bullae)

31
Q

What is a unique clinical feature of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Positive nikolsky

also seen in SJS

32
Q

Who gets pemphigus vulgaris?

A

adults in 40s-50s

33
Q

What is a unique diagnostic feature of pemphigus vulgaris?

A

“chicken-wire” pattern on DIF

34
Q

What may cause pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Genetic predisopsition
Penicillamine
Paranepolastic pemphigus

35
Q

How do you treat pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Oral steroids
Mycophenolate mofetil
Azathioprine
Rituximab

36
Q

What is pemphigus foliaceus?

A

Antibodies against desmoglein 1 so that the skin is falling apart in very superficial epidermis and leaves scales that look like “corn flakes”.
Can cause erythroderma!

37
Q

How is pemphigus foliaceus different from pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  • Only rare mucosal involvement
  • Not stemically ill
  • Only involve superficial layer
  • Only effects desmoglein 1
38
Q

How do you treat pemphigus foliaceus?

A

Steroids
Mycophenolate mofetil
Dapsone
Anti-malarials

39
Q

What is linear IgA dermatosis?

A

Very similar to bullous pemphigoid, subepidermal, IgA lines up at dermal-epidermal junction

40
Q

What is the morphology of IgA dermatosis blisters?

A

“Flower-looking lesions” and string of pearls

41
Q

What are the two types of IgA dermatosis?

A

Childhood: chronic bullous disease of childhood
Adult: most likely duet o medicine (linear IgA due to vancomycin)

42
Q

What is dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Autoimmune bullous disorder associated with gluten sensitive enteropathy

43
Q

What are the key features of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Pruritic vesicles on extensor surfaces (ex. elbow). Won’t see vesicles because they have scratched them all off

44
Q

What is the histology of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Subepideraml vesicles with neutrophils at DEF; DIF is granular IgA at dermal papillae

45
Q

What is the treatment for dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Dapsone

Gluten free diet

DERM (17 decks)

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