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DERM > Bites and Infestations > Flashcards

Bites and Infestations Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What is pediculosis capitis?

A

head lice- obligate human parasite

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2
Q

What color is an empty nit?

A

white/clear

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3
Q

What color is a full nit?

A

brown

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4
Q

How can you gauge the duration of head lice infection?

A

Nits are laid very close to the scalp, so you can tell how long the infestation has been going on by seeing how far away they are from the scalp

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5
Q

Why do you have to treat multiple times for lice?

A

because you have to treat AFTER the nits hatch

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6
Q

What is the presentation of head lice?

A

excoriated dermatitis behind ears and nape of neck; itchy scalp; honey color crusting with secondary staph infecitons

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7
Q

How do you treat resistant cases of lice?

A

Malathion, Ivermectin

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8
Q

How do you treat regular lice?

A

Pyrethrin and permetrhin

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9
Q

What is caused by pihous pubis?

A

crabs (pubic lice)

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10
Q

How do pubic lice differ from head lice?

A

Have serrated first claws–grab onto skin and move to other sites of the body (eyelashes, scalp, axilla, peard, etc.)

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11
Q

What are macula caerulea?

A

pubic louse digests bilirubin to give slate gray/blue patches

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12
Q

Where do body lice live?

A

live in the seams of clothing and feed on humans intermittently (DO NOT LIVE ON HUMANS)

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13
Q

What diseases can be caused by body lice?

A

Epidemic typhus
Relapsing fever
Trench fever

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14
Q

How do you treat body lice?

A
  • Burn clothing/bedding or wash in hot water
  • Don’t sit on furnature for 2 weeks
  • Dusting powder
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15
Q

What is myiasis?

A

maggots (larvae) from flies

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16
Q

What are two causative agents of myiasis in the US?

A 
Botfly (lays eggs on mosquito and mosquito bites human to pass eggs on)
Tumba fly (lay eggs on wet clothes and sand and pass to humans)
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17
Q

What is the clinical presentation of myiasis?

A
  • furuncle with central pore

- Can also infest wounds

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18
Q

What is the treatment for myiasis?

A
  • Surgical depridement
  • Occlusion (petrolatum, bacon, etc.)
  • Intralesional lidocaine
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19
Q

What do you use to test for scabies?

A

mineral oil prep to look for ite, eggs, and scybala (poop)

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20
Q

What is scabies?

A

obligate human parasite (entire 30 day cycle completed in Epidermis)–there are only 10-15 mites on skin with an infection

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21
Q

What is the incubaiton period for first exposure to scabies?

A

2-6 weeks on first exposure (need to treat people near the infected persons)

22
Q

What are some symptoms of scabies?

A
  • INTENSE pruritus
  • Burrows
  • Excoriated dermatitis and vesicles/pustules
23
Q

What areas does scabies spare? Who is the exception?

A

face and scalp (infants and immunocompromised)

24
Q

What are some options for scabies treatment?

A
  • Permethrin
  • Lindane (not really for young children)
  • Sulfur ointment (safe for infants and pregnant women)
  • Ivermectin

*TREAT EVERYONE IN HOME

25
Q

What is post-scabies pruritus?

A

body’s response to dead mites (itchcing can continue for 2-4 weeks after treatment)

26
Q

What disease does cimex lectularius and cimex hemipterus cause?

A

“bed bugs”

  • suck blood
  • hide in walls during day and feed at night
27
Q

Why do we get bed bugs?

A

Bites are immune response to salivary antigens

28
Q

What diseases can bed bugs cause?

A

Vector for Hep B and Chagas Disease

29
Q

What do bed bugs look like?

A
  • flat oval body
  • segmental abdomen
  • 6 legs
  • vestigial wings
30
Q

What can trypanosomiasis lead to if not treated?

A
  • heart failure

- GI dismotility

31
Q

What causes trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease)?

A

Reduviid bugs (kissing bugs)

32
Q

Where do reduviid bugs bite?

A

face (causes Romana sign) and effects autonomic nervous system?

33
Q

How do you identify revuiid bugs?

A

have “tiger stripes”

34
Q

What do fleas cause?

A

intensely pruritic papules and vesicles on the lower extremities

35
Q

Fleas can pass what disease?

A

Endemic typhus
Flea-borne spotted fever
Plague
Cat-scratch fever

36
Q

Lone star ticks can cause what disease?

A

Erlichiosis (ehrlichia chaffeensis)

STARI (southern tick-associated rash illness)

37
Q

What do lone star ticks look like?

A

brown tick with white dot on back (females)

38
Q

What do american dog ticks (dermacentor)look like?

A

white “c” around head and males have ornate white decoration

39
Q

What diseases do demacentor ticks cause?

A 
RMSF
Tick paralysis (leads to ascending paralysis)

KNOW FOR TEST

40
Q

What do ixodes ticks look like?

A

brown around head, light around lower body

41
Q

What diseases does ixodes tick (deer ticks) cause?

A
  • Lyme disease
  • Babesiosis
  • Human anaplasmosis

KNOW THIS FOR TEST

42
Q

What is the characteristic skin marking of erythema migrans?

A

erythema migrans

43
Q

How do you identify a black widow (latrodectus)?

A

black spider with red hourglass on back

44
Q

What is the pathogenesis/presentation of a black widow spider bite?

A
  • Latrotoxin (neurotoxin)
  • PAINFUL BITE***
  • Systemic symptoms (muscle spasms, abdominal pain, nausea)
45
Q

How do you identify a loxosceles (brown recluse)?

A

Brown spider with brown fiddle on head (non-aggressive)

46
Q

What is the pathogenesis/presentation of a brown recluse spider bite?

A
  • Sphingomylin D (necrosis) and Hyaluronidase (allows necrosis to spread
  • PAINLESS bite that is ulceronecrotic
47
Q

What is a funnel web spider (hobo spider)?

A
  • Found in basements and wet dark spaces
  • Northwest USA
  • Aggressive!!!
48
Q

What do hobo spiders bites look like?

A

CNS toxicity with necrosis

49
Q

What do tarantulas cause?

A

Itchy dermatitis due to urticating hairs

-Opthalmia in eyes

50
Q

What is the only lice that is a vector for infection?

A

BODY LICE

DERM (17 decks)

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