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DERM > Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Fungal Infections Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the 4 major classifications of cutaneous fungal infections?

A
  • Superficial cutaneous mycoses
  • Subcutaneous mycoses
  • Dimorphic systemic mycoses
  • Opportunistic mycosis
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2
Q

What are the 3 main classes of superficial cutaneous mycosis?

A

Dermatophytosis (tinea)
Candidiasis
Tinea versicolor

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3
Q

What are the three major classes of dermatophytes?

A

Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum

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4
Q

How do dermatophytes get nutrition?

A

digest keratin

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5
Q

What diseases do dermatophytes cause?

A
  • Tinea capitis
  • Tinea corporis
  • Tinea cruris
  • Tinea pedis
  • Onchomycosis
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6
Q

Why do dermatophytes cause very superficial infection?

A

survive in cool, moist environment

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7
Q

What does annular mean?

A

forms rings that are more clear in the center (with scaly, erythematous papule on outer rim)

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8
Q

What is tinea cruris?

A

jock itch

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9
Q

What is tinea pedis?

A

athlete’s foot

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10
Q

What is a moccasin distributin of tinea pedis?

A

sides of feet and hard part of bottom of foot

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11
Q

What is onychomycosis?

A

fungal infection of toe nails or finger nails

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12
Q

Are dermatophytes the only organisms that cause onychomycosis?

A

NO- candida and molds can also cause it!

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13
Q

What is the causative agent of tinea versicolor?

A

malassezia spp.

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14
Q

What is malassezia?

A

Dimorphic yeast–when it acts as hyphae, it causes tinea versicolor. In yeast form, it is a normal inhabitant of the skin.

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15
Q

How does tinea versicolor occur?

A

Malassezia releases azaleic acid that inhibits the production of melanin!

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16
Q

How do you tell the difference between tinea versicolor and pityriasis rosea?

A

pityriasis is a scaly problem and lines up along the skin lines while tinea versicolor leads to pigment problems and does NOT follow skin lines

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17
Q

What does tinea versicolor look like under a KOH stain?

A

yeasts AND hyphae (spaghetti and meatballs)

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18
Q

What does candidiasis look like in KOH stain?

A

spores and pseudohyphae

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19
Q

How might you tell the difference between candidiasis and malassezia?

A

fungal culture

very hard to tell the difference with KOH

20
Q

What is peronychia?

A

yeast infection next to nail

21
Q

What is perleche?

A

angular infection in corner of mouth

22
Q

What is intertrigo?

A

inflammation of the skin folds

23
Q

What is a helpful clinical clue that you are looking at candidiasis?

A

satellite macules and pustules

24
Q

What features would have you favor candidiasis over jock itch in the GU area?

A

candidiasis involves the scrotum and has lack of annular morphology!

25
Q

Is diaper dermatitis always due to candidiasis?

A

NO! can also be irritant contact dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis

26
Q

What is first line therapy for tinea corporis?

A

topical azole

allylamines (Terbinafine)

27
Q

What is the MOA of allylamines and azoles?

A

inhibit ergosterol and cell membrane synthesis

28
Q

What is the MOA of griseofulvin?

A

inhibits microtubule formaiton and inhibits mitosis (binds to tubulin)

29
Q

What is the MOA of nystatin?

A

direct toxicity to ergosterol in cell membrane (punches holes)

30
Q

What are the 2 different ways hair is infected by dermatophytes?

A

Ectothrix and Endothrix (inside of the hair shaft)

31
Q

What is a helpful hint you are looking at tinea capitis?

A

little black dots on the scalp

32
Q

What is the clinical presentation of tinea capitis?

A
  • round area of hair loss
  • scaly
  • broken off hairs
33
Q

What is a kerion?

A

acute inflammatory version of tinea capitis where you get swollen lesions on the scalp (can result in scarring and permanent hair loss)

34
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

NOT an infection–rash that comes out around the eyebrows and nose (very scaly)

35
Q

What causes seborrheic dermatitis?

A

malassezia colonization that causes inflammation in predisposed individuals

36
Q

What are some examples of subcutaneous mycoses?

A

sporotrichosis
chromoblastomycosis
zygomycosis

37
Q

What is the presentation of sporotrichoid spread?

A

fungal infection that travels through the lymphatics and ulcerate into the skin

38
Q

What is the cause of sporotrichosis?

A

Dimorphic fungus (acts as a pathogen in its hyphae form!)

As a yeast, if forms an asteroid body

39
Q

What is a mycetoma?

A

madura foot caused by true fungi or fillamentus/true bacteria–deep seated infection (due to foot wound) that the body cannot clear and causes deep seated plaques

40
Q

What features do all mycetomas have?

A
  • tumefaction (edema)
  • draining sinuses
  • Grains or granules
41
Q

Where do you see zygomycosis lesions present?

A

in nasosinus area and invades blood vessels

42
Q

What are the systemic dimorphic mycoses?

A

blastomycosis (verrucous plaques around nose)
coccidiomycosis (HIV patients)
histoplasmosis (around nose and mouth)

43
Q

What is the major presentation of systemic dimorphic mycoses?

LOOK BACK

A

all of then can present as primary cutaneous lesions (but this is less common that deep seated ????

44
Q

What are some examples of opportunistic fungal infections?

A

Candidiasis

45
Q

What does cryptococcosis look like on the skin?

A

disseminated lesions that can mimic molluscum contagiosum (but many more!)

46
Q

What is a classic opportunistic fungal infection of burn victims?

A

aspergillosis

DERM (17 decks)

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